Lab #1: UNIX crash course Introduction: History of Operating Systems Lesson #1: Navigating directories Lesson #2: Creating and editing files with emacs Lesson #3: Manipulating files Lesson #4: Creating a webpage

A brief history of Operating Systems

Early Days Late 1940s to early 1950s ENIAC, Harvard Mark II, etc. Single user, single program OS just had to load program and provide some basic functionality (read input, write output)

Batch Processing Late 1950s to early 1960s Mostly IBM mainframes (OS/360) Multiple users, single program each Load a program, execute it, produce output Some overlap, e.g. load the next program while executing the first one

Multiprogramming Late 1960s to early 1980s Appear to run multiple programs (on behalf of multiple users) by switching between them Interrupt driven: each program runs until it needs to pause for I/O Time sharing: each program runs for a “quantum” of time

History of UNIX MULTICS ( ) Early timesharing system developed by MIT, Bell Labs, General Electric Too ambitious for its time UNICS (1970) Developed by Ken Thompson after Bell Labs pulled out of MULTICS project Only ran on (somewhat defunct) DEC PDP-7

UNIX Programming Languages In order to port to other platforms, Thompson created a high-level programming language called B Dennis Ritchie created a better implementation called C Thompson and Ritchie rewrote UNIX in C To port to another platform, all you needed was a C compiler

Variants of UNIX Many universities at the time had DEC PDP- 11s, but those operating systems were considered to be pretty bad AT&T (Bell Labs' parent) licensed UNIX source code to universities A number of UNIX variants sprung up Berkeley's being the most popular

UNIX Today POSIX attempted to consolidate UNIX variants into a single standard in late 1980s Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX Various vendor-specific (but POSIX- compliant) implementations started popping up Sun Solaris and Linux most popular today

UNIX Command Line

Today's Lab Log in Start the Konsole or Terminal program – probably from “Activities”, then “Applications”, then “System” Go through the four Lessons and six Tasks You can leave when you're done Ask for help if you need it!