Making Cladograms Visualizing Evolutionary Relationships

Essential Question(s) 1.How do phylogenetic trees and cladograms represent traits that are either derived or lost due to evolution.

Enduring Understandings 1.Create a phylogenetic tree or simple cladogram that correctly represents evolutionary history and speciation from a provided data set. 2.Evaluate evidence provided by a data set in conjunction with a phylogenetic tree or a simple cladogram to determine evolutionary history and speciation.

Modeling Directions While I model the process of creating a cladogram, capture the steps in the left-hand column of the space provided below. Capture the explanation of these steps and additional notes in the right-hand column. Record the cladogram in the space indicated. Prepare to answer the cladogram analysis questions to check your mastery of this process and the content underlying these principles

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total Identify Outgroup Find the species that had none of these features This will be the outer branch – it has no known descendents 2.Draw Outgroup Select a point to the left of the page

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total ID Groups of lineages that share a derived character We hypothesize that they form a clade We don’t consider ancestral traits

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total ID Groups of lineages that share a derived character We hypothesize that they form a clade We don’t consider ancestral traits Repeat above step until you have put all species onto your tree

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Flowers

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Seeds Flowers

Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Seeds Flowers Vascular Tissue

Paired Practice Directions Work with your peers at your table and use the steps described above to create a cladogram for the data provided below. As you work, annotate the data table provided to illustrate the steps being used. Record the cladogram in the space indicated on page 4. When you finish, begin answering the cladogram analysis questions without any instruction from me. These questions are designed to facilitate your analysis of the cladogram and to check your understanding of the underlying principles.

Paired Practice OrganismsVertebra Bony Skeleton Four Limbs Amniotic Egg Hair Post-Orbital Fenestrae Lancelet Sharks Ray-Finned Fish Amphibians Primates Rodents and Rabbits Crocodiles and Relatives Dinosaurs and Birds

Paired Practice Solution Sharks Ray-Finned Fish Amphibians Primates Rodents & Rabbits Crocodiles Dinosaurs & Birds Post-Orbital Fenestrae Hair Amniotic Egg Four Limbs Bony Skeleton Vertebra

Independent Practice Directions Work silently and independently during the provided time to create a cladogram for the data provided below. Use the steps to creating a cladogram as you proceed. As you work, annotate the data table provided to illustrate the steps being used. Record the cladogram in the space indicated on page 6. When you finish, begin answering the cladogram analysis questions without any instruction from me. These questions are designed to facilitate your analysis of the cladogram and to check your understanding of the underlying principles