The Earth Remember from vocabulary –Hydrosphere (water) –Atmosphere (gases) –Geosphere We will focus this unit on the geosphere (the solid earth)

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Presentation transcript:

The Earth Remember from vocabulary –Hydrosphere (water) –Atmosphere (gases) –Geosphere We will focus this unit on the geosphere (the solid earth)

Layers of the Earth 3 major zones/layers  Core  Mantle  Crust

The Earth’s Core

Broken into 2 parts: Inner Core & outer Core 1. Made of iron and nickel

2. Inner core a.1300 km thick b.up to 5000 deg. C c.Solid due to high pressure d.Solid in core explains magnetic field

3. Outer Core 2250 km thick deg. C Liquid iron & nickel

How do we know? Seismic waves: vibrations that travel through the earth –Come from explosion or Earth’s surface –Scientists study how they travel through the Earth

Seismic Wave Paths P waves slow and bend as they move from solids to liquids; speed up and bend as they move from liquids to solids S waves disappear as they enter the outer core (liquid) Shadow Zone- region with no P or S waves

Above the outer core 2900 km thick 80 % of Earth’s volume 68% of Earth’s mass

Broken into 2 parts: 1. Lithosphere (uppermost part of mantle)-solid, rigid layer km thick

2. A sthenosphere 200 km thick Solid Rock can flow slowly and change shape- due to extreme heat & pressure

Silicon, oxygen, iron & magnesium

Determined by looking at ocean floor and volcanic rocks

Greater percentage of iron in lower mantle than upper mantle

Density, temperature ( deg. C), and pressure increases with depth

Boundary between crust and the mantle is the Moho

1.Thin, outermost layer 2.All life lives on or within a few hundred meters of surface

3. Made up of three types of rocks

Igneous rock- formed by cooling/hardening of magma

b. Sedimentary rock- formed by hardening of layers of sediment

c. Metamorphic rock- formed by changing of existing rock

4. Thickness of crust varies a.Average of 8 km on the ocean floor b.Average of 32 km beneath the continents

5. Ocean crust made up mostly of silicon, oxygen, iron, & magnesium The largest ophiolite is in Oman near the Persian Gulf. Photo by Peter Kelemen.

6. Continental crust made up mostly of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium & potassium