Scientists The atom. Democritus - 400 BC- Greek philosopher - No experimenting -Matter made up of indivisible particles = “atomos”

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Presentation transcript:

Scientists The atom

Democritus BC- Greek philosopher - No experimenting -Matter made up of indivisible particles = “atomos”

Dalton 1801: Thomas Jefferson President 1802: John Dalton experimented and concluded…. 1806: Fall of Roman Empire

1. Matter made up small particles= atoms Cant be created, destroyed, or made smaller 2. Atoms of same element are identical Different elements = different atoms 3. Chem. Rxn  atoms separate, join, or rearrange 4. Atoms of different elements can combine in whole number ratios: compounds. Dalton

1850’s- Steam Steam powered engines of ships, trains, & factories Key Question’s of 19 th Century= “How to build more effective steam engines” and “ How to predict behavior of steam at high temps and pressures.”

1896- Uranium - Uranium was found to emit strange energy: - Radioactivity: warm to the touch - Can unlock secrets to the atom

1898- Marie CurieMarie Curie Concluded Uranium atom gave off radiation ( but another chemist discovered first) Found Radium – led to cancer fighting drugs Won two Nobel Peace Prizes Found Polonium Kept radioactive materials in her pocket Died of leukemia from radioactive materials

1904-J.J. ThomsonJ.J. Thomson Plum Pudding Model/ Chocolate Chip Cookie Discovered electrons ( 1897) Experiment with cathode ray tubecathode ray tube – Particles move toward positive end – Particles must be negatively charged – Disproved that the atom was indivisible (could be broken into parts)

Thomson versus Rutherford

Rutherford’s Goldfoil Experiment Result: majority passed straight through some large angles & straight back

1911-RutherfordRutherford Discovered: – atom was mostly empty space – Atom had a dense positively charged center Disproved the Plum Pudding Model – (he was a grad student of Thomson)

1913-BohrBohr Planetary model of atom Electrons move in an orbit Each orbit had a definite energy

: World War I

1926- SchrodingerSchrodinger Extension of Bohr’s model The electron “cloud” shows where the electron is most likely to be – You have a 90% chance of finding the electron Electrons move like waves

Quantum Mechanical Model

Dalton 1802 Thompson “plum pudding” Rutherford 1911 Bohr 1913 “planetary model” Quantum mechanical model History of Atomic Models

1927- HeisenbergHeisenberg Uncertainty Principle Can not know the speed and the location of the e - at the same time

1932-Chadwick Prisoner of war in WW1 Worked for Rutherford Discovered neutron Issue: mass of helium was 4 but it only had 2 protons

Summary Video