ETHNICITY Unit 4: Political Geography Chapter 7.1

RACE AND ETHNICITY What is the difference between these two?

RACE & ETHNICITY (ACC. TO TEXTBK) Ethnicity= identity w/ a grp of ppl who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.  Comes from the Greek work ethnikos, which means national. Race= identify w/ a grp of ppl who share a biological ancestor  Comes from the French word generation

IMPORTANCE OF ETHNICITY Thought: Is it absolute? Can we not choose to change it?  it can be diluted, but never completely disappears? No global domination attempt: ethnic groups are fighting with each other to control specific areas. Ethnicity is the protector of local diversity and folk cultures.

RACE VS. ETHNICITY (PER US CENSUS) Asian-American is considered to be a race and an ethnicity Not all Black Americans trace their cultural heritage to Africa. Hispanic or Latino is not considered a race.

REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1.Which group makes up the largest US minority?  Hispanics 2.Which countries rank as 2 nd & 3 rd on Hispanic sources?  PR & Cuba 3.Which two states contain 50% of the Hispanic population in the US?  CA & TX (2/3 of Cubans live in FL) 4.What is the more appropriate term: Hispanic or Latino?  Personal opinion: 58% say Hispanic; 12% say Latino

REVIEW QUESTIONS 5.60% of the African-American population can be found in how many states?  10: NY, CA, TX, FL, GA have the most 6.How many states have less than 1% of an African-American population? 99 7.Which group is growing in number at the fastest rate?  Asian American 8.What are the source country’s with the highest numbers living in the US?  China (23%), India (19%), Philippines (18%), Korean & Vietnamese (10%)

REVIEW QUESTIONS 9.Which group makes up the smallest %, but has the lowest annual income & highest unemployment?  American Indian & Alaska Natives 10.What states have the highest AI & AN populations?  Alaska, Oklahoma, and New Mexico

ETHNICITIES IN THE U.S. Clustering of ethnicities can occur at two scales.  Particular regions of the country  Particular neighborhoods within cities  Often includes remnants of residential segregation

HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE U.S.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE U.S.

NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE U.S.

ASIAN AMERICANS IN THE U.S.

HISPANICS: CITIES Hispanic:  LA: ½  NYC: ¼ (1/16 in rest of state)  Texas: El Paso and San Antonio: ½  other large cities in Texas are below or at average of 1/3

AFRICAN-AMERICANS: CITIES More than half live in cities (compared to ¼ of all Americans). Detroit  Afn-Amn comprise 4/5 of pop.  1/14 of rest of Michigan’s pop. Chicago  Afn-Amn comprise 1/3 of pop.  1/12 of rest of Illinois

AFRICAN-AMERICAN MIGRATION PATTERNS 3 major migration flows have shaped the current distribution of Afn Amns within the US  Immigration from Africa to the US in the 18 th century  Immigration from the US south to the northern cities in the early 1900’s  13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments, Jim Crow Laws/ separate by equal/ Brown v. Board, share-cropping, industrial boom  Immigration from the inner cities to the suburbs in the mid 1950’s to today

IN THE “GHETTO” When they arrived in the cities, there were very few places they could afford to live Many new immigrants clustered in small, ethnic neighborhoods (Southside of Chicago)  There was a high population density with as many as 100,000 people per square mile White Flight & Blockbusting ensued

APARTHEID

GEOGRAPHY OF RACISM South Africa  Dutch and British settlers  1948 Afrikaner’s (Dutch) National Party gained control of govt.  Created Homelands: quasi-independent states for blacks - 3,000,000 black South Africans forced to move to homelands - Denied citizenship to their own country