Plant Structure.

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Presentation transcript:

Plant Structure

Plants have 4 major structures: flower stem leaf roots

Roots

Functions anchors plant

Functions absorbs and transports water and minerals

Most absorption takes place at the root tips which are covered with root hairs Mycorrhizae

Root Types Tap Roots Fibrous Roots

Tap Root - one main root - grows straight down to find deep water - Example: dandelions

Some store food

Tap Roots

- several roots from the base of the plant’s stem - get water close Fibrous root - several roots from the base of the plant’s stem - get water close to the surface - Example: grass

Fibrous Roots

Roots

STEMS

Functions Support leaves and flowers

Functions Transport water, minerals, food

Functions stores water and minerals as sugar or starch

Stem types Herbaceous stems - soft, thin, flexible - usually green

Stem Types Trees and Shrubs - hard and rigid - self supporting

Stem Types Vines - slender, woody - need support

Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

Nodes Place where leaves attach to the stem

Node Arrangements – provides leaves with most sunlight

Alternate One leaf per node

Opposite Two leaves per node

Whorled Three or more leaves per node

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

LEAVES

Function Absorb sunlight to make food

Function Bring in CO₂ and release O₂ (breathing)

Parts of a Leaf

Blade Flat, broad section; contains cells for photosynthesis

Veins Tube-like structures that carry nutrients

Petiole Stalk that connects leaf to the stem

A deeper look…

Epidermis – thin layer of cells that protect the leaf Cuticle – waxy coating to reduce water loss

Stomata – small openings in leaves for gas exchange Guard cells – open and close stomata

Parts of a leaf

Parts of a leaf

leaves of cactuses are modified as spines Adaptations leaves of cactuses are modified as spines

Adaptations leaves of carnivorous plants catch and digest insects