AR Time until 10:29 1

Student Planner February 23, 2015 Place this in the proper place All triad 4 work due Friday Triad test Thursday. Lab this week You need planner, notes, pen/pencil (per 2 AR book)

Juliet Davis

2 End Planner Entries

REVIEW OF LAST CLASS February 13th

Summary: We had a standard opening. We started working on our Smart Charts which will be used in our final exam. Mr. V collected notebooks, super hero report and illustration.

Answer the last class’s EQ which was: Essential Question: What is a molecule?

Topic/Objective: Name: Acids and Bases Class/Period: Date: Feb 23, 2015 Essential Question: Describe how pH is determined.

Warm Up

1. Which of the following best describes an atom? A protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern B protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern C a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons D a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

2. Which of the following is found farthest from the center of an atom? A)nucleus B) proton C) neutron D) electron

3. Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a: A) liquid. B) solid. C) crystal D) gas.

4. What is the name of the indicated atom in the acetic acid molecule shown below? A) copper B) calcium C) chromium D) carbon CH 3 C OH O

14 Answers

1. Which of the following best describes an atom? A protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern B protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern C a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons D a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

1. Which of the following best describes an atom? A protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern B protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern C a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons D a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

2. Which of the following is found farthest from the center of an atom? A)nucleus B) proton C) neutron D) electron

2. Which of the following is found farthest from the center of an atom? A)nucleus B) proton C) neutron D) electron

3. Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a: A) liquid. B) solid. C) crystal D) gas.

3. Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a: A) liquid. B) solid. C) crystal D) gas.

4. What is the name of the indicated atom in the acetic acid molecule shown below? A) copper B) calcium C) chromium D) carbon CH 3 C OH O

4. What is the name of the indicated atom in the acetic acid molecule shown below? A) copper B) calcium C) chromium D) carbon CH 3 C OH O

Today’s Homework 1. Finish missing work - due Friday 2. Complete Superhero traits. 3. Study for Thursday triad test 4. Study for Friday Post Triad 4 test.

Today Planner grading-missed classes Super Hero traits - add to drawing. Smart chart - finish Notes - Acid Base

Smart Chart titles Box 1 – Atoms - drawing, label, explain electron levels, cloud, isotopes, ions Box 2 – Periodic Table – key to reading the element box, define period & group Box 3 – Elements - list categories, essential elements (symbol, name) Box 4 – Electron bonds – drawings of the bonds, definitions, explain chemical bonding

Acid or Alkali and the relationship Of pH

Vocabulary Terms: 1.Acid - a material that has a pH of 1 to Base - a material that has a pH of 7.1 to Alkaline – an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH greater than 7. 4.Alkali – a base.

Terms: 5. Ion - a molecule or atom that has an electric charge and is reactive. H + OH - are the ions involved in pH. 6. Acidic - an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH LESS than 7

7. Neutral – a pH = 7 8. pH- potential of hydrogen ions in a solution. (you can think of this as a percentage) Pure water has a pH of 7

Video Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts

A pH is expressed as a number from 1 to 14 (there is a rare scientific exception with pH range -1 to % of the time, the scale is referred as 1 to 14, and that is the reference in school)

A pH of 1 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.1% 0.1= x10 -1 = pH 1

A pH of 2 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.01%.1 = pH 1.01 = x10 -2 pH 2

A pH of 3 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.001%.1 = pH 1.01 = pH = pH 3

A pH of 4 has H ions in solution at a % of %.1 = pH 1.01 = pH = pH = pH 4

A pH of 5 has H ions in solution at a % of %.1 = x10 -1 pH 1.01 = x10 -2 = pH = x10 -3 = pH = x10 -4 = pH = x10 -5 = pH

A pH of 7 has a % of H ions in solution of 1 x or %

A pH of 14 has H ions in a solution with a concentration of % 1x10 -14

Alkali compounds have more OH ions than H ions in solution.

The more OH ions, the fewer the H ions. Thus the pH increases. H ions lessen As H+ decreases, pH rises, & OH- increases As H+ increases, OH- decreases pH decreases and OH- H+

Acids and Bases Standard 5a Reactions Property of Acids 1. tastes sour 2. turns blue litmus paper to red 3. corrosive-wears away metal 4. Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water HCl  H + + Cl -

Standard 5a Reactions Property of Bases 1. Tastes bitter & feels slippery 2. turns red litmus paper to blue 3. Base produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NaOH  Na + + OH -

Standard 5a Reactions Strengths of Acids and Bases 1. pH scale- determines if it is an acid (0-6) or a base (8-14) 0 14 Strong acid Neutral Strong base 2. pH= 5 would be an _____ 3. pH =9 would be a _____

Acids and Bases Standard 5a Reactions Thursday March Neutralization (~pH 7) 1. In neutralization, an acid reacts with a base to always produce salt and water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O Acid Base Salt Water

Video Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Importance of pH in Biology pH is important in regulating the nature and rate of chemical reactions necessary to support life.

In endothermic organisms (regulate body temperature with metabolic heat: like humans), pH is maintained within a very narrow range.

In ectothermic organisms ("cold- blooded") that use behavioral means of regulating body temperature) pH varies inversely with body temperature.

Some examples: pH ultimately controls the rate at which you breathe; pH determines the dissociation of oxygen and carbon dioxide from hemoglobin (relative to breathing and metabolic process)

pH determines the dissociation of chemicals and helps regulate chemical reactions in the body, especially buffer systems and enzymes.

pH determines the balance of reactions which occur in aquatic systems relative to things like carbon dioxide, bicarbonates; sulfur.

pH induced problems in livestock Acidosis : change in pH from normal range to acid. Causes: ingestion of acidic feeds; formation of lactic acids; lung problems; suffocation. Symptoms: seizures, confusion, severe muscle pain, nausea, loss of consciousness, coma, death

Alkalosis: change in pH from normal range to alkali. Causes: hyperventilation, prolonged vomiting, severe dehydration, and eating/drinking alkali plants, liquids or other materials. Symptoms: muscle weakness, severe cramps, tetany, death.

pH induced problems in plants 1.Nutrient shortages. 2. Increase in toxic minerals able to be absorbed by plant. 3. Preferences by plants to specific pH ranges (azaleas love pH 5.5-6) ) 4. pH affects pesticide and fertilizer applications, tying up or releasing same

An Azalea

pH is involved in inorganic chemistry Reactions between metals (batteries) to form electricity Swimming pool maintenance – incorrect pH increases algae growth, calcium deposits on pool tile.

Measuring pH 1. Indicators - change color based on pH reaction. 2. Electric meter - meter reads based on electrical conductivity

pH Measurement Laboratory