Iban Sina Iban Sina and the Muslim World Did not go through the usal school system, most of his knowledge came from men who stayed with his father. Was boastful and unpleasant His enemies said “His own way of life did not quite live up to is recommendations for others p Page 13

Procedures Early Islamic Culture The Muslim doctors used sedatives to help relax patients before their surgery. Hashish- a much stronger narcotic made from hemp plants, as a pain killer after surgery. Al Zahrawi(936-c.1013) began using antiseptics to cleanse wounds which was unheard of in the western world P,s Page 51

Procedures Early Islamic culture Medical instruction was given in the hospitals, doctors were required to pass examinations monitored by the state. “practice was based on info they gathered from the Greeks, Persians and people of India. P,q Page 51

Influence of Muhammad The Islamic World 3 main sources Qur'an, Hadith and folk remedies. Used broths, elixirs, liniment and salves Usually failed to save those suffering from major internal wounds. p Page 142

Muhammad's thoughts on medicine Medieval medicine health, hygiene “Make use of medical treatment, for Allah has not made a disease, wtihout appointing a remedy for it, with the exception of old age. This motivated Muslim scientists to find cures. qPage 1

Dental Care Medieval Medicine health, hygiene Dentist made teeth out of bone Also pulled decayed or damaged teeth Muslims used branches or twigs, they sweetened their breath with herbs and spices. p,sPage 8

Al RaziMedieval Medicine Health, hygiene Was a famous surgeon students & patients flocked to him. Wrote a Medical Encyclopedia Performed caesareans & silk thread stitching Developed many surgical tools that were used for centuries throughout the world of Islam & Europe P,s Page 5

Honey The Islamic World “Honey is a remedy for every illness and the Qur’an is a remedy for all illness of the mind Honey benefits wounds, inhibits the growth of bacteria, and reduces inflammation Lower cholesterol, soothes sore throats and coughs High levels of antioxidants q,sPage 143

Ibn Sina Medieval medicine health, hygiene At age 10 he memorized the Qur’an At age 17, he started to study medicine At age 18 he was known as a great physician and was summoned to take care of the king in exchange of the use of his library “I prefer a short life with width to a narrow one with length.” q,pPage 3

Hospitals Medieval medicine health and hygiene Third Pillar of Islam was charity to help the poor and sick, which encouraged the study of health and medicine “By the 900’s almost every city boasted a fine hospital where people were treated regardless of their ability to pay Q,pPage 1

Hospitalsthe Islamic world past and present Treated all patients regardless of gender, religion, or social class Offered surgery, treatment for contagious disease & mental illness Equipped with pharmacies and medical libraries P,s page 143

Ibn Sina’s rules on testing new medicine The Arab Roots 1. The drug must be free from any extraneous quality 2. It must be used on a simple not a composite, disease 3. The drug must be tested with two contrary types of diseases, because sometimes a drug by its essential qualities and another by its accidental ones. 4. The quality of the drug must correspond to the strength of the disease. For example there are some drugs whose heat is less than the coldness of certain diseases, so they would have no effect on them. 5. The time of action must be observed, so that the essences and accident are not confused SPage 28

Ibn Sina’s rules on testing new medicine The arab roots The effect of the drug must be seen to occur constantly or in many cases, for if this did not happen, it was an accidental accident The experimentation must be done with the human body, for testing a drug on a lion or horse might not prove anything about its effect on man. Spage 28

Hospitals science in medieval Islam They were supported by endowment from caliphs and religious foundations Managed by professional lay staffs Hospitals were used as a center of medical treatment, a convalescent home for those recovering from illness or accidents, an insane asylum, and a retirement home giving basic maintenance needs for the aged and infirm who lacked a family to care for them P,SPage 141

Philosophy Science in medieval Islam Muslims achievements included a new theory about the secondary, or lesser, circulation of the blood (between the heart and lungs) that remained generally ignored until its rediscovery in our own time P page 144