Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Learning Outcomes Identify the common issues in this lifespan Illness Malnutrition Obesity Injuries – see CDC chart Asthma rates Know the Piaget stage for this lifespan

Health Risks for Obesity More likely to be overweight adults Physical symptoms: high blood pressure, cholesterol respiratory problems insulin resistance Development of lifelong problems: heart disease, diabetes, gall bladder disease, cancer, early death

Physical BMI what does it mean Used as a measurement to help identify health risks bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html

BMI Calculator Calculator.aspx Weight (lb) / Stature (in) / Stature (in) x 703

Obesity Issues in School Age Children

Definitions: Definitions: Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters. Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985 and 2010

Source of the data: The data shown in these maps were collected through CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of telephone interviews with U.S. adults. Height and weight data are self-reported. Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may vary slightly from those generated for the states by BRFSS ( as slightly different analytic methods are used.

In 1990, among states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 10 states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10% and no state had prevalence equal to or greater than 15%. By 2000, no state had a prevalence of obesity less than 10%, 23 states had a prevalence between 20 – 24%, and no state had prevalence equal to or greater than 25%. In 2010, no state had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%. Thirty-six states had a prevalence equal to or greater than 25%; 12 of these states (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia) had a prevalence equal to or greater than 30%.

2000 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2009 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2010 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Illness in Middle Childhood High rates in first two years of school 15 percent have chronic conditions: asthma severe illnesses, such as sickle cell anemia, cancer, and diabetes © Ilike/Shutterstock

Asthma Bronchial tubes highly sensitive to stimuli: cold, infection, allergies, stress wheezing, coughing, breathing problems Risk factors: heredity pollution stressful home life poor health care obesity © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock

Asthma Accounts for one third of all absences How are we doing in Kern County asthma-profiles/kern-county-asthma-profile asthma-profiles/kern-county-asthma-profile county/ county/ t%20Color%20is%20your%20Flag%20Policy.pdf t%20Color%20is%20your%20Flag%20Policy.pdf Red flag, yellow flag and green flag What the schools do for the alerts…

Age which hearing loss begins

Piaget’s Theory: Attainments of the Concrete Operational Stage Conservation: decentration reversibility Classification Seriation: transitive inference Spatial reasoning: cognitive maps © Jaren Jai Wicklund/Shutterstock Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Conservation Decentration Focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them Reversibility Thinking through a series of steps and then mentally reversing direction

Classification Children pass the class inclusion problem between ages 7 and 10 Collecting and classifying items become common © auremar/Shutterstock

Seriation Ability to order items along a quantitative dimension—becomes efficient around 6–7 years Transitive inference: ability to seriate mentally—appears around 7 years Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. © Terrie L. Zeller/Shutterstock

Cognitive Development Executive Functioning – Self Regulation Working memory, inhibition, controlling attention ADHD– symptoms What are the origins of ADHD? What are the symptoms? What is the treatment? See page 239

ADD/ADHD "A medical approach to ADD type behaviors is warranted only for the minority of kids who have really severe and persistent concentration problems and disruptive behaviors. Most kids respond to simpler methods and don't need an ADD diagnosis. Medical treatment should be offered as the last, not the first step -- clearly necessary for those who really need it; but unnecessary and even harmful for those who don't." disorder_b_ html

Language Development ges/speechandlangua ge.aspx Pitch test Default.aspx

Screen Time Screen time" is a term used for activities done in front of a screen, such as watching TV, working on a computer, or playing video games. Screen time is sedentary activity, meaning you are being physically inactive while sitting down. Very little energy is used during screen time. Most American children spend about 3 hours a day watching TV. Added together, all types of screen time can total 5 to 7 hours a day.

Screentime Discussion Screentime is too much for children What is considered too much? What is an issue for children? Discuss in small groups

Current Guidelines Children under age 2 should have no screen time. Limit screen time to 1 to 2 hours a day for children over age 2. Despite what ads may say, videos that are aimed at very young children do not improve their development.

Effects of Screen Time on Children lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/children-and- tv/art lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/children-and- tv/art What do you think? Before I go this page, what are some the impacts….

Tips for decreasing screen time Do you agree? Or Disagree What tips would you suggest to a caregiver who has a child attached to an e-device? cy/patientinstructions/ htm cy/patientinstructions/ htm

Language Development 40,000 words, a rate of growth even higher than early childhood Learn to read, read to learn time Bilingual development (p. 249)

Teaching children with special needs Search and Serve Main streaming vs. pull out programs IEP – Individual Education Plans

United States rates See page 255 United States is 487 and the average is 496 Common Core and the switch to accelerate United States to meet the rest of the world. Big switch in teaching styles and how children are learning