FUNGI A mushroom walks into a bar and the bartender yells at him to get out. The mushroom replies “Oh come on, I’m a Fun Guy!”

Can be both multicellular and unicellular 3 main Characteristics Heterotrophs - like animal cells feed by absorbing food feed by absorbing food Cell walls – like plant cells Use Spores to reproduce

Hyphae: threadlike tubes that make up a fungi’s body. gives the fungus it’s structure. gives the fungus it’s structure. Similar to roots because they obtain nutrients from the ground. Similar to roots because they obtain nutrients from the ground. Fungi will look differently depending on arrangement of the hyphae. Fungi will look differently depending on arrangement of the hyphae. Tightly packed hyphae make a mushroom look like a solid Loosely packed hyphae look like fuzz (food)

Eating 1.Hyphae grows into a food source 2.Injects acid to dissolve everything 3.Then sucks it back up Example: The way Flies eat or how birds feed their babies. Example: The way Flies eat or how birds feed their babies. Can be parasitic due to this – b/c can cause harm to “food source” Can be parasitic due to this – b/c can cause harm to “food source”

Reproduction Fungi usually reproduce by making spores Surrounded by protective particles like an “armor” Surrounded by protective particles like an “armor” “Armor” around spores are structures called Fruiting Bodies that make the spores. “Armor” around spores are structures called Fruiting Bodies that make the spores. Very small, like dust particles Move around by wind Only go into “spore phase” in bad conditions Tent rain cover Tent rain cover Protective cover but mobile Protective cover but mobile

Reproduction 2 ways to reproduce 1.Sexually – when conditions are bad 2 Hyphae from opposite fungus connect making a fruiting body which makes a spore. They do this when conditions are bad in hopes to reproduce a fungus that has a mutated gene that can survive the harsher environment. 2.Asexually – when adequate moisture and food Mushrooms Mushrooms Budding – The cells at end of hyphae divide and form spores that are exact copies of parent cells.

Categories Club Fungi – Most poisonous group Most poisonous group Examples ExamplesMushroomsRustsPuffballs

Categories Sac Fungi Largest group of fungi Largest group of fungi Some cause plant diseases Some cause plant diseases Examples ExamplesYeastTruffles

Categories Zygote Fungi Examples Examples bread molds bread molds fruit molds fruit molds insect molds insect molds

Fungi in Nature Fungi are the decomposers and recyclers on Earth. Some provide food Some provide food Some cause disease Some cause disease Some fight disease Some fight disease Some live in symbiosis (3 types) Some live in symbiosis (3 types) 1) Mutualism – both benefit 2) Commensalism – neither are harmed or helped 3) Parasitism – one lives as a parasite on the other

Recycling Fungi break down chemicals in dead organisms which return important nutrients in the soil.

Food Yeast Feeds on sugar in the dough of bread and makes carbon dioxide. (sourdough bread) Feeds on sugar in the dough of bread and makes carbon dioxide. (sourdough bread) Feeds on sugar in grapes to make carbon dioxide and alcohol. (wine) Feeds on sugar in grapes to make carbon dioxide and alcohol. (wine)Molds “Blue” in Blue cheese is Penicillium roqueforti “Blue” in Blue cheese is Penicillium roquefortiMushrooms Portabella, button Portabella, button

Disease Fighting *Alexander Fleming* Scottish Scientist in 1928 Scottish Scientist in 1928 Observed bluish-green mold in Petri dish kill bacteria near it First antibiotic developed – called Penicillin. Since Penicillin many antibiotics found from molds & fungi

Disease Causing Fungi Many are parasites on plants Dutch elm Dutch elm Corn Smut Corn Smut Wheat rust Wheat rust Many more affect rice, cotton, etc. Many more affect rice, cotton, etc. Athlete’s Foot Ringworm Can easily spread from person to person Can easily spread from person to person

Fungus-Plant Associations Fungi are attached to roots of plants Hyphae spread out underground and absorbs nutrients and water Hyphae spread out underground and absorbs nutrients and water Plant grows larger & fungi feeds on extra food plant makes Plant grows larger & fungi feeds on extra food plant makes Some plants can’t live without fungal partner

Lichens Lichens – a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live in mutualism. Algae or bacteria makes the food and fungus provides minerals and shelter Algae or bacteria makes the food and fungus provides minerals and shelter Examples: irregular, flat, crusty patches on tree barks or rocks Called “pioneer” organisms Called “pioneer” organisms Usually first to appear on bare rocks after a volcano, fire, rock slide Air Pollution Monitors Air Pollution Monitors Very sensitive to pollutants Scientists observe growth to assess air quality

Lichens