Volumetric Injury of the Distal Femoral Physis During Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction in Children by Kevin G. Shea, Nathan L. Grimm, and Jennifer S. Belzer J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 93(11): June 1, 2011 ©2011 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Image of three-dimensional model created with use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing software, showing separation of the tissue types—i.e., the epiphysis (green), physis (orange), and metaphysis (purple). Kevin G. Shea et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93: ©2011 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Sagittal cut of the model, showing tunnel placement (gray) breaching the femoral physis (dark blue). Kevin G. Shea et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93: ©2011 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Graph showing the percentages of physeal volume that are removed by creation of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) tunnels. Kevin G. Shea et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93: ©2011 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Diagram showing tunnel placement through the physis (left) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing software model of the physis showing the location of the physeal tunnels (right). Kevin G. Shea et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93: ©2011 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.