Chemistry Quiz

MACROMOLECULES

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Simple sugars

Hexose Sugars

Monosaccharides can be linked to build larger sugars.

Dehydration Synthesis

Disaccharides

Hydrolysis

Polysaccharides (Long-chain glucose molecules)

Questions

What type of reaction involves the removal of a water molecule and the formation of a covalent bond?

What type of a reaction involves the addition of a water molecule and the breaking of a covalent bond?

What special type of molecule is necessary to drive either a dehydration synthesis reaction or a hydrolysis reaction in a living organism?

What is a term for sugars with six carbons?

Name three common hexose sugars.

What is the empirical formula of the common hexose sugars?

Name three common disaccharides.

Which polysaccharide is found in arthropod exoskeletons and the cell walls of fungi?

Which polysaccharide is found in the cell walls of plants?

Which polysaccharide is an important form of energy storage in plants?

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS HYDROGEN HYDROXYL (ALCOHOL) ACID (CARBOXYL) AMINO PHOSPHATE METHYL

Lipids Fats (Triglycerides) Complex Lipids

Fats

Saturated Fatty Acid

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Complex Lipids Phospholipids Steroids

A fat molecule (triglyceride) is composed of one molecule of glycerol and three ______ molecules.

Which would have more hydrogens? The saturated form of a fatty acid with a 5 carbon hydrocarbon chain. The unsaturated form of a fatty acid with a 5 carbon hydrocarbon chain.

Essay Question Why do plants tend to store their energy as starch, while animals store energy primarily as fat? What are the differences between starch and fat that cause these energy storage differences? What plant structure tends to be an exception (it stores fat) and why?

Proteins

Polypeptide

Levels of Protein Structure

Probably the most important proteins are those capable of speeding up a chemical reaction. These special proteins are called what A. Activators B. Chemical messengers C. Enzymes D. Hormones E. reactors

Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form proteins? A. Disulfide B. Hydrogen C. Ionic D. Peptide E. None of the above

The “alpha helix”, that was discovered by Linus Pauling, is the major feature of what level of protein structure? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary