Introduction to … Internet

Introducing the World Wide Web A network is a structure linking computers together for the purpose of sharing resources such as printers and files. Users typically access a network through a computer called a host or node. A computer that makes a service available to a network is called a server.

Introducing the World Wide Web A computer or other device that requests services from a server is called a client. One of the most common network structures is the client-server network. If the computers that make up a network are close together (within a single department or building), then the network is referred to as a local area network (LAN).

Introducing the World Wide Web A network that covers a wide area, such as several buildings or cities, is called a wide area network (WAN). The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.

What is the Internet? Origins and History 1960’s DOD ARPANET –In its early days, the Internet was called ARPANET and consisted of two network nodes located at UCLA and Stanford, connected by a phone line. –Experimental usage for communication –Keep govt. functioning in case of nuclear war Grew to include scientists and researchers from: military, universities 1980’s - NSF became the "backbone"

The Internet The shared global computing network. A network based on standards including Internet Protocol (IP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and the Domain Name System (DNS), which enables global communications between all connected computing devices. It provides the platform for web services and the World Wide Web.

Today’s News Personal Finance Interests Computing Shopping Travel Planning Information Service Content

People Connection Family Entertainment Research & Learning Sports Kids Only International & Other Information Service Content

Internet History ARPANET – Internet – InterNIC National Information Infrastructure (NII)

Internet Connection Information Service Gateway ISP Dial-Up Connection – TCP/IP – Packets – POP – PPP Direct Network Connection

Retrieving & Viewing Information Client Programs Server Programs Browsers HTML HTTP

URL: The Internet Address Hypertext Transfer Protocol ftp:// File Transfer Protocol news:// telnet:// gopher://

Domain Names AffiliationAffiliation educomgovintmilnetorg.... others Education Commercial Government International Military Network Resources Nonprofit Organizations IDID

Components Hosts Any computer with a direct connection to the Internet can communicate, share data and run applications Domain –identifies the organization –identifies type or location –helps to route data efficiently

Domain Name Examples (name.root)

Internet Protocol Number (IP) numerical address 4-part number—similar to area code and phone number assist with routing locating host

Internet Service Providers (ISP) KSC CS-Internet Ji-net True TOT

Internet Services Electronic Mail –single most useful tool of the Internet –Eudora–freeware/shareware –Outlook Netscape Yahoo Hotmail

Internet Services FTP Servers –File Transport Protocol –servers configured to allow FTP connections –used to download and upload files –software –information/documents/web

Internet Services Telnet –establishes a link between two hosts or between a client and host –similar to using a modem to : –access BBS (bulletin board system) –log into home computer and read mail –log into Internet server for file manipulation

Introducing the World Wide Web Today the Internet has grown to include hundreds of millions of interconnected computers, cell phones, PDAs, televisions, and networks. The physical structure of the Internet uses fiber- optic cables, satellites, phone lines, and other telecommunications media.

Structure of the Internet

The Development of the Word Wide Web Timothy Berners-Lee and other researchers at the CERN nuclear research facility near Geneva, Switzerland laid the foundations for the World Wide Web, or the Web, in They developed a system of interconnected hypertext documents that allowed their users to easily navigate from one topic to another. Hypertext is a method of organizing information that gives the reader control over the order in which the information is presented.

Hypertext Documents When you read a book, you follow a linear progression, reading one page after another. With hypertext, you progress through pages in whatever way is best suited to you and your objectives. Hypertext lets you skip from one topic to another.

Linear versus hypertext documents

Hypertext Documents The key to hypertext is the use of hyperlinks (or links) which are the elements in a hypertext document that allow you to jump from one topic to another. A link may point to another section of the same document, or to another document entirely. A link can open a document on your computer, or through the Internet, a document on a computer anywhere in the world.

Hypertext Documents An entire collection of linked documents is referred to as a Web site. The hypertext documents within a Web site are known as Web pages. Individual pages can contain text, audio, video, and even programs that can be run remotely.

Web Servers and Web Browsers A Web page is stored on a Web server, which in turn makes it available to the network. To view a Web page, a client runs a software program called a Web browser, which retrieves the page from the server and displays it. The earliest browsers, known as text-based browsers, were incapable of displaying images. Today most computers support graphical browsers which are capable of displaying not only images, but also video, sound, animations, and a variety of graphical features.

Using a browser to view a Web document from a Web server

HTML: The Language of the Web A Web page is a text file written in a language called Hypertext Markup Language. A markup language is a language that describes a document’s structure and content. HTML is not a programming language or a formatting language. Styles are format descriptions written in a separate language from HTML that tell browsers how to render each element. Styles are used to format your document.

What is the Internet? 1: The Internet is a global connection of computers that communicate using Appletalk. TRUE / FALSE 2: Only those computers that have Windows installed can act as a host computer. TRUE / FALSE 3: The Internet evolved from the ARPANET. TRUE / FALSE 4: A router is a device that connects networks (groups of computers) and telecommunication links together. TRUE / FALSE 5: A host computer on the Internet can have any TCP/IP address. TRUE / FALSE 6: The common protocol used on the Internet is TCP/IP. TRUE / FALSE 7: The domain country name abbreviation for America is.am TRUE / FALSE 8: The domain country name abbreviation for the UAE is.uae TRUE / FALSE 9: The domain name abbreviation (.com) stands for __________. a) a non-profit organization b) the military c) an educational organization d) a commercial organization

What is the World Wide Web? 1: The World Wide Web is ________ a) the same as the Internet b) a group of computers that deliver documents over the Internet using the hyper-text protocol. 2: A web browser ________ a) is used to view web documents on the user computer b) will only display text. Graphic images are handled by other applications. 3: When a client asks for a web document, a request connection is made to the web server and the document is passed back to the client. The connection between the client and the web server is terminated when the user either visits another web server or closes the web browser application. TRUE / FALSE 4: A hyper-link is ________ a) a link to another document or resource b) a method of linking servers together via high-speed communication links