Renal Physiology Laboratory Exercise KAAP310 Figures from Pearson Education and other sources.

Renal Physiology Laboratory Exercise KAAP310

Figure 40.1a Organs of the urinary system. Hepatic veins (cut) Inferior vena cava Esophagus (cut) Adrenal gland Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Aorta Kidney Iliac crest Ureter Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Urinary bladder Urethra © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 40.1b Organs of the urinary system. 12th rib © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 40.1c Organs of the urinary system. Anterior Inferior vena cava Aorta Peritoneum Peritoneal cavity (organs removed) Supportive tissue layers Renal vein Renal fascia anterior posterior Renal artery Perirenal fat capsule Kidney Fibrous capsule Body of vertebra L2 Body wall Posterior © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Peritoneum Ureter Rugae Detrusor Adventitia Ureteric orifices Trigone of bladder Bladder neck Internal urethral sphincter Prostate Trigone Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of the urethra External urethral sphincter Urogenital diaphragm Urethra External urethral orifice Figure 40.2 Detailed structure of urinary bladder, urethral sphincters, and urethra. Spongy urethra Erectile tissue of penis External urethral orifice © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 40.3 Internal anatomy of the kidney. Renal hilum Cortical radiate vein Cortical radiate artery Renal cortex Arcuate vein Arcuate artery Renal medulla Interlobar vein Interlobar artery Segmental arteries Major calyx Renal vein Papilla of pyramid Renal artery Renal pelvis Renal pelvis Minor calyx Ureter Ureter Renal pyramid in renal medulla Renal column Fibrous capsule © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 40.5 A schematic, uncoiled nephron. Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Efferent arteriole Cortical radiate artery Glomerular capsular space Glomerular capsule Renal tubule containing filtrate Figure 40.5 A schematic, uncoiled nephron. Peritubular capillary To cortical radiate vein Three major renal processes: Urine Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) X-ray image of kidneys, ureters, bladder. May be ordered if patient reports hematuria (blood in urine) or another renal-related symptom. IVPs are being replaced by CT images in many practices. Dye is given by intravenous injection. Dye is filtered across glomerulus and accumulates in renal pelvis, then flows down ureters and into bladder. Dye shows up well on x-ray, giving an outline of the structures.

Normal IVP 5 min after dye Scout image: before dye Case courtesy of Dr Aditya Shetty, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 27157 Scout image: before dye 5 min after dye Renal pelvis, ureters starting to appear

Normal IVP 5 min after dye 10 min after dye Case courtesy of Dr Aditya Shetty, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 27157 5 min after dye Renal pelvis, ureters starting to appear 10 min after dye Ureters clearer, bladder filling

Normal IVP 10 min after dye 15 min after dye Case courtesy of Dr Aditya Shetty, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 27157 10 min after dye Ureters clearer, bladder filling 15 min after dye Bladder has more dye