CHAPTER :5 SCHEDULING

Things to Learn – Precedence analysis – Gantt Charts – PERT / CPA

Why activity planning?? – Activity Planning will help to: Ensure that the appropriate resources will be available precisely when required Produce a detailed schedule showing which staff carry out each activity Produce a detailed plan against which actual achievement may be measured Produce a timed forecast

Precedence analysis Decides what activities must be carried out before particular activity can start. Must be done before an activity plan can be produced.

Gantt Charts Developed by Henry Gantt, around Gantt charts are easy to use and produce. They are very useful for use on less complex projects. Commonly used due to there simplicity. Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to read.

Gantt Charts

Draw the following Gantt chart Tasks Precedence Time a-5 days b-4 days ca6 days db2 days eb5 days fc,d8 days

Network planning models PERT The Program Evaluation and Review Technique Developed by: – US Navy with – BOOZ-Allen Hamilton and – Lockheed Corporation for the – Mainly use for R&D projects

Network planning models A simple on arrow network model Start End a b c d e f g h

Terminology Activity – A specific task, uses resources takes time to complete Event – The result of completing an activity

Terminology Network - The combination of all activities and events define the project and the activity precedence relationships Path - The series of connected activities (or intermediate events) between any two events in a network

The framework of PERT and CPM For proceeding with PERT/CPM following common six points have to be followed: – Define the project with significant activities or tasks – Develop relationship among the activities – Draw network connecting all activities – Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity – Compute the critical path

The Language of PERT/CPM concluded An activity can be in any of these conditions: – It may have a successor(s) but no predecessor(s) - starts a network – It may have a predecessor(s) but no successor(s) - ends a network – It may have both predecessor(s) and successor(s) - in the middle of a network

Drawing Network Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) networks use arrows to represent activities while nodes stand for events

Network syntax AOA Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially A network may not contain loops Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence

Network syntax Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially 123 ab

Network syntax A network may not contain loops This is not allowed a b c d

Network syntax Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence 123 Wrong Right a b c a b c

Stage 1 of a Sample AOA Network

Stage 2 of a Sample AOA Network

A Completed Sample AOA Network

On Arrow Networks The network with activity times added A=6 C=3 B=4D=4 F=10 E=3 G=3 H=2

Routing (C) Product Design (A) Market Research Plan (B) Prototype (D) Marketing Brochure (E) Cost Estimates (F) Testing (G) Market Survey (H) Pricing and Forecast (I) Final Report (J) COMPLETION Activity list for the Project ActivityDescription Immediate Predecessors AR&D product design- BPlan market research- CRouting (manufacturing engineering)A DBuild prototype modelA EPrepare marketing brochureA FCost estimates (industrial engineering)C GPreliminary product testingD HMarket surveyB, E IPricing and forecast reportH JFinal reportF, G, I

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