THE FRENCH REVOLUTION CHAPTER 23

THE OLD REGIME- FRANCE WAS STILL DIVIDED INTO THREE LARGE SOCIAL CLASS OR ESTATES The first and second estates had privileges. This included high offices and exemptions from paying tax. This made up 3% of the population The third estate was made merchants, artisans, pheasants, and servants. This 97% of the population were pushing the idea of equality, liberty, and democracy. Turn to page 574, look at the political cartoon about the three estates and answer the two skill building questions.

THE FORCES OF CHANGE The success of the American revolution inspired them along with the radical ideas of Rousseau and Voltaire. (pg. 554) Luis XVI became king in 1774 and inherited part of the debt from his predecessors. He also borrowed heavily to help the American during the Revolutionary war. His wife Marie Antoinette would like to spend money. Read history makers pg. 653 History through arts—lets compare. Make a chart like this Women of the Rev. Maria Antoinette Clothing Expression Posture

MEETING OF THE GENERAL ESTATES THE ECONOMY WAS SUFFERING

THE MEETING AND RESULTS King Louis XVI called for a meeting of the Estates General, representatives from the three estates were there. The third estate called for each member to have one vote instead of one vote per estate, which was already in place. On June , the third estate declared itself a National Assembly. The other two locked them out. They assembled at a nearby indoor tennis court and wrote the French Constitution.

FEAR OVER FRANCE July 14 –Parisians, responded to the kings threat to put down the rebellion by marching on the prison fortress of the Bastille. The fall of the Bastille put weapons in their hands. Aug. 4—they abolished the special rights of first and second estates. Aug. 26—the third estate drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man. The document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

WAR The national Assembly created a Constitutional monarchy with a Legislative Assembly mad up 745 members. The government went to war with Austria and Prussia. The war did not look good for France which led to the rise of the radical communes in Paris. The radical attacked the palace and took the king and queen captive. In Sept the national Convention met and the threw out the constitutional monarchy and established the French republic. The king and queen were executed by a new method called the guillotine.

REIGN OF TERROR The death of the king and queen sent shockwaves throughout Europe. The informal coalition of nation scared the French people and the French Republic. As a result they gave speical power to a Committee of Public Safety which was dominated by George Danton and Maximillien Robespierre. From —they ordered the execution of over 40,000 people supposedly in defense of the revolution of France.

Napoleon Bonaparte

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Born in 1769 on the island of Corsica Hero of the Hour- Oct 1795 Defeat thousands of Royalist Attacking the National Convention appointed to lead the French into Austria. He comes back Praised for his victories.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Napleon was put in charge of the Military. The next day he drove the legislature chamber out in there place three counsels took their place and Napoleon took control of the first consul powers of the French Republic. He established economic order in France with a tax system and national banks Napoleon decided to make himself Emperor, and the French voters supported it

CONTROL OF EUROPE Look at the map on pg Napoleon want to attack Russia In 1814 Napoleon is defeated and gives up the throne to a new king and exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815 news of the king being trouble and Napoleon escape from the island and tries to revive the French army but is defeated a second time and exile to the island of St. Helena where he dies a lonely death.

LATIN AMERICA SWEEPS TO FREEDOM Simon Bolivar-after numerous attempts he finally defeated the Spanish army to win Independence for Venezuela. In 1821 Simon teamed up with Jose de San Martin who had won the Independence for Argentina and Chile. San Martin Simon Bolivar These two men together won the battle of Ayacucho (Peru) on Dec. 9, 1824 the last major battle for Independence giving Latin America freedom from Spanish rule. Map pg. 685

INDEPENDENCE OF MEXICO Jose Maria Morelos Led the revolution for years after Hidalgo was defeated. In 1813 he called for a Mexican Gov. to setup democratic Gov. In 1815 he was finally capture and shot by the Spanish.