Biology Fall Semester Final Exam Review JEOPARDY S2C06 Jeopardy Review

1.Human Genetics 2. Physiology3. Evolution4. Ecology 5. Immune System

1. Human Genetics 100 This phenotype is considered the universal donor. A: What is “blood type O” ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review

1. Human Genetics 200 A: What is “homozygous”? A genotype in which both copies of a gene are the same. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

1. Human Genetics 300 A: What is “dominance”? One of Mendel’s basic concepts, the idea that one copy of a gene may completely hide another different copy of a gene. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

1. Human Genetics 400 A: What is a “X C X c ”? The genotype of the female child of a colorblind mother and a non- colorblind father. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

1. Human Genetics 500 A: What is a “nondisjunction” ? This is the term for a mistake in meiosis which can result in offspring receiving either three or only one of a pair of chromosomes S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Physiology 100 A: What is “homeostasis” ? This refers to the mechanism that allows an organism to maintain a stable internal environment. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Physiology 200 A: What is “gas exchange ” or“removing CO 2 in exchange for O 2 ” ? These are the to functions of the respiratory system. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Physiology 300 A: What is “amylase” ? It is the enzyme in saliva with the ability to break down starches into sugar S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Physiology 400 A: What is “a protein” or “a polypeptide” ? A chain of amino acids S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Physiology 500 A: What are “myosin and actin?” Two proteins involved in muscle contraction S2C06 Jeopardy Review

3. Evolution 100 A: What is “phenotype”? Natural selection acts on this, not on genotype. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

2. Evolution 200 A: What is “speciation” ? This process has taken place when two segments of a population have been isolated and have evolved to the point that if brought together, they can no longer reproduce S2C06 Jeopardy Review

3. Evolution 300 A: What is “cladistic analysis”or what is a, “cladogram?” This type of analysis compares individuals degree of relationship based on acquired characteristics. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

3. Evolution 400 A: What is “genetic drift”? This random change in allele frequency can result in decrease in a population’s genetic diversity S2C06 Jeopardy Review

3. Evolution 500 A: What is “recessive”? This condition is required for a fatal gene (that kills the individual before the individual can reproduce) to be passed on to offspring and persist in the gene pool. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

4. Ecology 100 A: What is “photosynthesis”? This is the process producers use to capture energy from the sun by converting carbon dioxide and water into high-energy sugars S2C06 Jeopardy Review

4. Ecology 200 A: What is “emigration” ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review This term refers to members of a population moving out of an area and leaving the gene pool.

4. Ecology 300 A: What are “decomposers”? These organisms consume dead material and return nutrients to the soil S2C06 Jeopardy Review

4. Ecology 400 A: What is “Ecological Succession” ? It’s the gradual change in a local ecosystem where older species are replaced by newer ones, driven by climate and other changes. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

4. Ecology 500 A: What are “producers” or “plants” ? These organisms are the likely source of almost all oxygen gas in the atmosphere. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

5. Immune System 100 A: What are “antibodies”? These proteins bind to viral antigens, often clumping viruses together and marking them for phagocytosis by macrophages. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

5. Immune System 200 A: What is “ a vaccine”or “active immunity”? A patient is given an injection of weakened, or non-dangerous pathogens to prompt an immune response. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

5. Immune System 300 A: What is “passive immunity”? S2C06 Jeopardy Review A patient is given a shot containing antibodies to fight a particular pathogen.

5. Immune System 400 A: What is “the skin”? This can be considered the largest organ in your first line of defense against infection. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

5. Immune System 500 A: What are “B-cells”? These cells release proteins that are able to bind to antigens on particular pathogens S2C06 Jeopardy Review