Warm Up Turn in Aliens. Pick Up Warm Up. Pick Up Simple Genetics Practice Problems.

Breaking Mendel’s Rules of Genetics! Incomplete Dominance Neither allele covers or is hidden (neither is dominant): Ex. GenotypesPhenotypes C R C R red flower C W C W white flower C R C W pink flower

Incomplete Dominance 3 generations

Incomplete Dominance In the Punnett square, show a cross between a pure white flower and a pure red flower. What % of the offspring would pink? What % of the offspring would be pink? __________

Incomplete Dominance In the Punnett square, show a cross between two pink flowers. What is the ratio of white to pink to red flowers?

Multiple Alleles More than two alleles for a particular trait: Ex. Blood type has three forms (3 alleles): A, B, & O So, there are more than just two blood types: Type A, Type B, & Type O.

Multiple Alleles O is always recessive A nor B is dominant (incomplete dominance), so combined they create type AB blood. There are 4 phenotypes for blood: A, B, AB, & O GenotypesPhenotypes AO, AA Type A blood BO, BBType B blood AB Type AB blood OO Type O blood

Multiple Alleles Create a Punnett square to show the cross between a Type A heterozygous parent and a Type B heterozygous parent. What are all the possible phenotypes for these offspring?

Multiple Alleles Create a Punnett square to show the cross between a Type AB parent and a Type O parent. What are the possible phenotypes of these offspring?

Sex-linked Traits Sex-linked Genetic Disorders A genetic disorder inherited on the X chromosome Ex. -Colorblindness, & Hemophilia Chromosome pair 23 determines the gender of an offspring XX is female XY is male

Sex-linked Traits Since females have two X chromosomes, they can be carriers (have it in their genes & pass it on without being effected themselves). Males have only one X chromosome, so they will either have the disorder or not but can never be carriers.

Writing Sex-linked Genotypes Color blindness would be denoted by a c on the X chromosome Ex. X C = colorblind allele X = normal allele Y will never have the trait since these are only found on X chromosomes FemaleMale XX=normalXY=normal X c X c = colorblindX c Y=colorblind X c X=carrier Cannot be carrier Since males only receive one X, they cannot be carriers… thus more males are affected by these traits.

Sex-linked Traits 1.Two people with normal vision people marry, and together, they have a color blind son. 2.What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the children that they could produce? 3.What are the kinds of offspring which it would be impossible for this couple to produce? Female = XX Male = XX Normal vision (X C ) is dominant Recessive gene (X c ).