Evaluation of Architecture Interior Design II

Things to consider….. T echnology -what was available and used – machinery, tools etc…Did society use available technology or develop new? E conomy - Monetary systems of people – wealthy and poor have different resources available for building – ornate or plain A esthetics -apparent visual beauty – concept of beauty varies form person to person C ulture -traditions, religion, art, music all influence design H abitat -elements, topography, available resources (wood, clay, metal…) what elements was the structure sheltering from?

4 Basic Shapes used… Square Rectangle Circle Triangle

3–D Shapes used… in order to enclose space Cube Rectangular Prism Cylinder or Column Pyramid or Cone

Ancient Architecture….what can you see?  Observe ancient architecture. It has always existed!!!  Consider the TEACH theory.  Remember it evolves from basic shapes to 3 dimensional shapes.

British Isles… ■ Rectangular Prisms ■ prehistoric

Egyptian Pyramids Funerary Buildings Created for Monarchs & Nobles Stepped Design Granite, limestone, and sandstone - Both sun-dried and kiln-dried bricks were used extensively Hieroglyphics were decoration as well as records of historic events.

Egyptian Cylinder or Column First stone capital = papyrus flower & lotus Nile floods deposit fine clay, allowing ceramic arts to develop early Sandstone, limestone, & granite available for obelisks, sculpture, and decorative uses. Ramps – build on the way up, decorate as it’s taken down

Mesopotamia – Babylon, Assyria, Persia Cube Planned city building, cobblestone streets, and architecture itself have their beginnings here Mud brick on a raised plinth (platform base) Walls are ornamented on the outside with alternating pilasters and recesses Flat roofs, supported on palm trunks, (assumed) Ziggurat

Greek Prisms & Columns The temple is the best known form of Greek architecture. reflect the importance of religion. The political purpose - to celebrate civic power Beauty lies in ratios & proportions = The Golden Mean made from limestone which was cut into large blocks. Marble was readily available. It was used mainly for sculptural decoration.

Roman Columns & Circles One architectural technique that came into use by experimentation was the arch Romans perfected it using a keystone in the center of the arch and allowing gravity to work.

Ancient America - Mayan Pyramid Monumental construction Buildings erected on platforms Upper walls decorated Lime stucco painted vivid colors Every day dwellings were rectangular

Architecture Evolves…..  See that all architecture evolves from basic shapes to complex shapes. Architectural detail evolves with the growth of technology, economics and education.  Notice …architecture repeats trends and moves in a cycle through history.  See that people travel the world carrying their knowledge of what buildings in different places look like. This evolution changes architecture.