Body Organization Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Body Tissues: cells that perform a job Tissue Types 1. Connective – Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Adipose (fat), Ligaments, & Tendons 2. Nervous – sends & receives messages or impulses (brain, spinal cord) 3. Epithelial – Skin 4. Muscle-skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Skeletal System Ligaments – join bones to other bones Cartilage - soft portion on the tips of all bones & in the nose and ears (doesn’t contain calcium) Skeletal System Functions 1. support 2. protection 3. produces blood cells

Joints - where bones meet -joints can be movable and immovable Where are immovable joints? Four major types of joints: 1. Hinge – elbow, knee, and ankle 2. Pivot – neck 3. Ball-and-socket – hip and shoulder 4. Gliding – carpal and tarsal bones Cartilage & synovial fluid (the WD- 40 of your body) keep joints moving smoothly

Skeletal System problems Sprain – A stretch or tear of a ligament Arthritis – when joints become swollen or painful Rheumatoid arthritis – cartilage becomes swollen. Eventually it is replaced by bone, which fuses & prevents movement

Osteoarthritis – when cartilage wears away & bones rub together

Osteoporosis – a person loses bone density (usually begins around 40) More common in women because they lose their ability to absorb Calcium efficiently when they have children THANK YOU MOM!!

The Muscle System -more than 600 muscles (35-45% of body weight) Functions of Muscle System 1. Movement – main function 2. Digestion, Breathing, Heart Beating etc 3. Protection of internal organs 4. Sitting & Standing

Muscles only pull a bone Muscles CANNOT push a bone This is why muscles act in pairs One muscle to extend One muscle to bend

2. Smooth Muscle – found in organs (digestive tract, arteries, respiratory system) Muscle Types 1. Skeletal Muscles – move bones attached directly to bones or by a tendon 3. Cardiac Muscle – heart muscle Smooth and Cardiac are both involuntary What does involuntary mean?

Muscle Problems Shin Splints – swelling of tendons on the inside front of the lower leg, - Muscle strain - Overuse injury Muscle Cramps – a muscle can’t relax Muscular Dystrophy – muscle tissue degenerates & is replaced by fatty tissue

Its SKIN! Did you know???? Your skin is the largest organ in your body!