Chapter 10 Respiratory System

ROOTS Naso, rhino- nose Oro- mouth Stetho, thoraco- chest Bronchi, broncho- bronchus Bronchiolo- bronchiolus Laryngo- larynx Pharyngo- pharynx Pleura- pleural membranes of the lungs Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- lungs Tracheo- trachea

Components of the Respiratory System Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Thorax Diaphragm

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER

BREATHING ______________/_______________: Inhaled oxygen fills the lungs where the RBCs pick it up and bring it to the cells of the body via the pumping action of the heart. ______________/_______________: Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide which is transported back to the lungs by the blood and exhaled from the body.

Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange

Capillary Beds

O 2 CO 2 Exchange

NOSE Entrance for _____, exit for ________. Nose and respiratory tract are lined with ____________________________ mucosa which filters out dust and foreign matter. Nose __________ and _____________ the entering air Mucosa has ____________ receptors for _____________. (_________________________________________) ______________ are the openings to the airways (nostrils) _________________ AND __________________________ vary with species –__________ has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no ______________ breathing)

Gettin’ Nosey

PHARYNX – (THROAT) Communicates with the _________ chambers, __________, _______________ tubes and ____________. Upper portion is attached to base of ________, lower portion unites with _________________. 3 parts: ______________________(nose) _____________________(mouth) _____________________ (larynx) Passageway for _____ and ______

EUSTACHIAN TUBE (pharyngotympanic tube) Serves to equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.

LARYNX “______________” and passageway for air Located “____________” (caudal to) pharynx _________________Cartilaginous structure that prevents _______ from entering the ___________ during ________________. Sound is produced by air passing through the ____________ (vocal folds & space) at the _________________ causing vibrations. Phonation _________= Organ in birds that produces sound

BIRDS - SYRINX Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi)

TRACHEA “____________” Tube of __________ muscle and C-shaped rings of ________________. –Rings help to prevent ____________ Stretches from ____________ to _____________. –lined with ___________ membrane.

Collapsing Trachea

BRONCHI The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become ___________ rings as they enter the _________. Trachea divides into the –_____________ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs site of division is called the ________________ Lined with ______________ mucous membrane –Further divide into the ___________ bronchi which branch into –___________(which further branch into even smaller bronchioles) –Aveolar ducts terminate into ______________________: walls composed of MANY ALVEOLI (________________, ____________________-lined spaces) ______ and ________ are exchanged in the __________sacs No rings in alveolar ducts, sacs, or alveoli

LUNGS Primary structures of _______________ system –Base lies on cranial surface of __________________. –Contain _______ (most species: _____ Left = cranial, caudal lobes; ____ Right = cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) –Very light and spongy consistency –Paired; contain hundreds of millions of _________ and ________________. –Function = ______________________

Lobes of the Lungs

LUNGS Encased in _______________________ (a serous membrane) Thoracic cavity lined with ____________ pleura. –Membranes reduces ______________ during respiration –Space between is _____________ cavity or ______________ space

THORAX ___________ cavity; ________ cavity _______________ membranes divide it into right and left pleural cavities. ______________________ Area between the lungs Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes

MEDIASTINUM

DIAPHRAGM Thin sheet of ____________ muscle that separates the _____________ and _________________cavities. Dome-shaped when ____________; flat when _____________________. Attaches to ____________ vertebrae, lower ribs, and ______________. Most important muscle of respiration –Inspiration = contracted, flattened, lowered –Expiration = relaxed, raised

DIAPHRAGM