RESPIRATORY ANATOMYM In the name of GOD Hassan Ghobadi MD Assistant professor of Internal Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Science

Objectives Respiratory Anatomy  Review thoracic anatomy  Describe the primary functions of the respiratory system  Identify the structures and functions of the upper and lower respiratory systems  Identify the blood supply to the lung.

THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper Resp. Sys. NOSE NASAL CONCHAE PHARYNX EPIGLOTTIS Lower Resp. Sys. LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHUS BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI DIAPHRAGM

The Respiratory tract   Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli   Upper respiratory passages filter and humidify incoming air   Lower passage ways include delicate conduction passages and alveolar exchange surfaces

Respiratory Mucosa   Respiratory epithelium and underlying connective tissue   Respiratory membrane, supported by lamina propria, changes along tract   Respiratory Mucosa Lines conducting portion of respiratory tract   Respiratory Mucosa Protected from contamination by respiratory defense system

Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Pharynx Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Pharynx

Anatomy of the Larynx

The Glottis

Anatomy of the Trachea

ALVEOLI 1 - ALVEOLI give the lungs their spongy texture. 2 - The linings of the ALVEOLI are very thin and only work well when they are moist and clean. 3 - When air is breathed in through the nose, it is: FILTERED by the hairs at the entrance to the nose and by mucus. WARMED by blood vessels passing close to the lining of the nose. MOISTENED by water vapour.

BREATHING IN When we breathe in, the cycle starts with the ribs lifting upwards and outwards. This is caused by the contraction of the intercostal muscles which are situated between the ribs. There is also movement in the body as the DIAPHRAGM contracts, changing from a dome shape to a flatter sheet.

BREATHING IN

BREATHING OUT It relaxes when we breathe out, moving upwards back to a dome shape. GASEOUS EXCHANGE The ALVEOLI are in very close contact with the blood capillaries, which contain red blood cells and Haemoglobin

BREATHINGOUT

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Has two main jobs: 1. To get oxygen into the body 2. To get carbon dioxide out of the body.

WHAT WE BREATHE As well as breathing in oxygen, we also breathe out a lot of oxygen. This is most important when we give mouth to mouth resuscitation. 1. The air we INHALE contains 20% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide. 2. The air we EXHALE contains 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.

BREATHING DEFINITIONS 1. TIDAL VOLUME - The amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath at rest or during exercise. 2. VITAL CAPACITY - The largest amount of air that can be made to pass into and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expiration.

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