Health CH. 2- Eleven Systems: One Body

Objectives: Define the vocabulary terms. Name the 11 major body systems and explain the function of each. Identify problems in each of the 11major body systems and explain how they are treated. Explain how to avoid food poisoning. Explain how teens can show respect for one another in the area of their sexuality.

Project for the Chapter You will be broken into group of 2 Each group will give a presentation on the system assigned to them. You must create something visual such as a poster board, presentation, movie, model, etc. of the system you are presenting on. It will be due in ONE WEEK!

Project for the Chapter You must present on: What your system is It’s purpose/function What parts make up your system What is the role of each part of the system How do we benefit from this system? How does this system work in detail? What are potential diseases and how do we avoid them?

Circulatory System Body’s transportation system

4 Main Functions: 1) Transport fuel to the body 2) Transport wastes to the liver and kidneys 3) Transport cells to fight diseases 4) Transport hormones

Heart The muscular pump of blood Arteries Largest blood vessels. Carry oxygen from the heart to the body. Take blood back to the heart. Thinner walls due to lower blood pressure and valves to help direct blood flow. Veins

Capillaries Smallest blood vessels that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells and from those cells to the veins.

Potential Problems: Anemia Leukemia Hemophilia Arteriosclerosis Stroke Hypertension

Respiratory System Group of passages that exchange gases in order for the body to function.

Upper Tract Throat and nose Lower Tract Lungs **Alveoli

Inspiration (Inhale) Breathe in Expiration (Exhale) Breathe out

Potential Problems Common Cold Pneumonia Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Lung Cancer

Skeletal System The framework for your body... the combination of joints and connective tissue.

3 Layers of Bone Periosteum- 1st layer; filled with nerves and blood vessels. Helps in the formation and repair of bone tissue. Compact Bone- 2nd layer; solid, strong, and dense. Spongy Bone- 3rd layer; where bone marrow is held. Similar to a honeycomb.

Potential Problems: Scoliosis Bursitis Arthritis Osteoporosis Injuries Fractures, dislocations, sprains

Muscular System Group of tissues that makes body parts move. These tissues contract and shorten. They can be stretched and lengthened.

3 Types of Muscular Tissue: Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary Smooth Muscle: Involuntary Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary

Potential Problems: Strain Cramp Bruise Pulled/Torn Muscular fatigue Diseases Fibromyalgia, Degenerative Muscle Disease, etc.

Digestive System Organs that take in food and break it down into a chemical form that can be absorbed by the body. Digestion- the breakdown of food

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Potential Problems: Indigestion and Heartburn Nausea and Vomiting Ulcers Gallstones Cirrhosis of the Liver Halitosis or bad breath

Excretory System Its purpose is to provide ways for waste to be excreted from the body

Potential Problems: Constipation Diarrhea Flatulence or Gas Kidney Stones Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Cancer

Integumentary System Includes also the hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands. Largest organ of the body- about 6-10lbs. 2 layers: Epidermis and dermis

Integumentary System Primary functions: Protect Regulate body temperature Sensitivity to environment

Potential Problems Warts Calluses and corns Cold sores and fever blisters Skin Cancer

Immune System Fight against disease and bacterial invasion

Immune System Natural Immunity Inborn resistance to certain diseases Natural responses: Swelling Heat Excess fluid Influx of Mass cells, Leukocytes, Histamine, etc. Acquired Immunity Body’s memory of past invaders and quickness to attack if the invader enters again. EX: Chicken Pox T-Cells- Activation of B-Cells (mass Cells)

Potential Problems Allergies HIV Autoimmune Disease

Nervous System Single goal is to maintain homeostasis

Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal cord Controls: thoughts, emotions, organs, movements, etc. Connect from the central nervous system to the extremities of the body. Picks ups stimuli such as touch, irritation, heat, etc. Peripheral Nervous System

Potential Problems: Pinched Nerve Epilepsy Tumor Cerebral Palsy Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Endocrine System Works to maintain internal balance through hormone (chemical messengers) secretion.

Potential Problems: Pituitary Gland i.e. gigantism, dwarfism Thyroid Gland i.e. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism Diabetes

Reproductive System The system responsible for the continuation of the human race.

Reproductive System Male Prostate Gland: Testes Scrotum Penis Outside body Female Ovaries Ovulation Fertilization Uterus Menstruation Inside body

Potential Problems: Testicular Cancer Inguinal Hernia Premenstrual Syndrome Vaginitis Cancer of female organs