Timeline of Post American Revolution to 1877

The Jeffersonian Era  Thomas Jefferson  3 rd President of the US  ( )

 a. first to take office in Washington, D.C.  b. believed in simple gov’t. / people should control gov’t.

 c. Marbury vs. Madison 1803  1. Supreme Court establishes power of judicial review  2. can declare a law or action unconstitutional  d – Louisiana Purchase from France  1. doubled size of country  2. Lewis and Clark sent to explore and map out new territory

 3. James Monroe – 5th President (1816 – 1824)

 a. known for establishing security and expanding nation  1. Adams – Onis Treaty  a. fixed Canada-U.S. border  b. obtained Florida from Spain  2. Monroe Doctrine – 1820  a. warned European nations to stay out of western hemisphere

Section 2: Age of Jackson  1. Andrew Jackson – 7th President (1828 – 1836)

 c. supported Indian Removal Act 1830  1. relocated Native Americans to west of Mississippi River  2. Trail of Tears – Cherokee refused to leave Georgia; forced by army

Section 3: Manifest Destiny  1. belief that America was to own all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans  2. Americans moved west to Oregon / California / Texas  a. Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Migration

 – Annexation of Texas (28th State)  a. TX achieved independence in 1836  b. refused statehood due to being a slave territory

 – War with Mexico  a. annexation of TX one of the causes  b. lasted one year; U.S. wins  c. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  1. ended war  2. gave U.S. land from TX to CA

 – California Gold Rush  a. gold discovered near Sacramento  b. 80,000 people from around the world went to CA  c. became state in 1850

Section 4: Market Revolution  1. beginning of Industrial Revolution in U.S.  2. new inventions fueled economic growth  3. change from hand-made to machine-made goods

 5. inventions:  a – cotton gin (Eli Whitney)  b – telegraph (Samuel Morse)  c – steam engine (Robert Fulton)  1. steam powered transportation meant faster trips/cheaper rates  2. railroads start in 1830s

Section 1: The Divisive Politics of Slavery  North: economy based on industry and trade; not dependent on slavery.  South: economy based on agriculture; VERY dependent on slavery.

 – Dred Scott Case  a. slave owner moved from slave state to free state back to slave state  b. Dred Scott sued for his freedom – should have been freed when in free state  c. Supreme Court – since he was slave he could not sue; he was considered property

 2. Leaders  a. North  1. President – Abraham Lincoln  2. General Ulysses S. Grant  b. South  1. President – Jefferson Davis  2. General Robert E. Lee

Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee

 e. July 1863 – Vicksburg and Gettysburg  1. both major victories for North  2. turning point in war  3. Vicksburg split the South  f – General Sherman’s march to the sea  1. burned/destroyed farms, cities, railroads; Atlanta totally destroyed

 4. January 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation  a. speech made by Lincoln freeing the slaves in the south only

 g. April 1865 – Appomattox Court House  1. Lee surrenders to Grant; war ends

Effects of Civil War  North: economy booming  South: economy devastated  Federal government gained more power.

 C. Reconstruction and Its Effects (1865–1877) – Section 4  1. two kinds of plans  a. Lincoln – reunite the nation; “forgive and forget”  b. Radical Reconstruction – make South “pay” for war

 2. April 1865 – Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre  3. Radical Reconstruction won

Lincoln Assassinated (1865)

 4. Andrew Johnson (Lincoln’s VP) tried to run Lincoln’s plan but was not strong enough  a. impeached; came within one vote of being removed from office

 6. Civil War Amendments passed  a. 13th Amendment – outlawed slavery  b. 14th Amendment – defined citizenship; ex-slaves become citizens  c. 15th Amendment – gave ex- slaves the right to vote

 7. Sharecropping – poor whites and ex-slaves agree to farm land owned by someone else  a. able to keep small amount of the crop for themselves  b. always in debt; could not leave or quit until debt paid  8. Ku Klux Klan – goal was to rid south of Reconstruction and intimidate ex-slaves