The following organisms belong to which phylogenetic clades that you should know?
Eukarya / Plants/ Liverworts/Marchantia
Eukarya / Plants/ Flowering plants
Eukarya / Plants/ Hornworts
Eukarya / Plants/ Gnetophytes
Eukarya / Plants/ Mosses
Eukarya / Plants/ Ginkgoes/Ginkgo
Eukarya / Plants/ Ferns and Their Relatives / Psilotum
Eukarya / Plants/ Conifers
Eukarya / Plants/ Cycads
Eukarya / Plants/ Ferns and Their Relatives / Ferns
Eukarya / Plants/ Lycophytes/ Club Mosses
Eukarya / Plants/ Lycophytes/ Selaginella
Is the plant a sporophyte or a gametophyte?
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Sporophytes
Gametophytes
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Are the leaves of these plants homologous?
The microphylls of lycophytes (left) are not homologous with the megaphylls of ferns.
Are the following plants homosporous or heterosporous?
Homosporous
Heterosporous. All seed plants are heterosporous.
Heterosporous. Selaginella is the only example of a free-sporing heterosporous plant that we saw in lab.
Homosporous. Homosporous lycophytes are club mosses.
Heterosporous. All seed plants are heterosporous.
Are the nuclei of the following cells derived from mitosis or meiosis.
Mitosis. In plants, gametes are always derived from mitosis.
Meiosis. In plants, meiosis produces haploid spores.
Mitosis. In plants, gametes are always derived from mitosis.
Mitosis. These are generative cells of pine microgametophytes (pine pollen grains). Their nucleus is derived through mitosis. Each one will undergo mitosis to produce two sperm nuclei (two sperm nuclei per pollen grain).
Identify the following plant structures.
Moss protonema. Unlike most green algae, this highly branched filament has numerous disc-shaped chloroplasts
Antheridium….. from a moss.
Stomata….. from a hornwort sporophyte.
Pyrenoids….. from a hornwort gametophyte.
Antheridiophore….. of Marchantia.
Archegoniophore….. of Marchantia.
Archegonium….. of a fern gametophyte.
Egg….. of a fern gametophyte.
Leaf….. of a fern sporophyte. Leaf = frond in ferns which are megaphylls
Stem….. of a fern sporophyte. This stem is a rhizome.
Petiole of a leaf….. of a fern sporophyte.
Roots….. of a fern sporophyte.
Microsporophyll…………….. of Pinus.
Archegonium…………….. of a fern
Antheridia…………….. of a fern
Sori…………….. of a fern
Sporangium …………….. of a fern
Spores …………….. of a fern
Ovulate cone of Pinus. Ovulate cone= seed cone= megasporangiate cone. In conifers, the cones are made of a terminal cluster of seed scale complexes. Conifers don’t have megasporophylls.
Ovules of Pinus. These are borne on a seed scale.
Sterile bract of Pinus. The sterile bract with its seed scale represents a seed scale complex.
Seed scale complex..…… of Pinus. A seed scale complex consists of a sterile bract and its seed scale.
Ovule..…… of Pinus.
Sterile Bract..…… of Pinus.
Seed Scale..…… of Pinus.
Seed Scale Complex..…… of Pinus.
Nucellus..…… of Pinus. Nucellus = Megasporangium
Megaspore Mother Cell..…… of Pinus.
Pollen Grain..… in pollen chamber of Pinus.
Integuments..… of an ovule of Pinus.
A = Ovule B = Megagametophyte C = Nucellus D = Integument
Pollen Grain..… of Pinus. Pollen grain = microgametophyte.
Male cone..… of Pinus. = microsporangiate cone Consists of a terminal cluster of microsporophylls.
Megagametophyte..… of a seed of Pinus. The food storage tissue in all gymnosperms is the megagameophyte.
Colyledons..… of a seedling of Pinus. These start out as a means of moving energy to the seedling from the megagametophyte and end up as photosynthetic leaves.