- The concept of political culture provides a new name for one of the oldest subject of concern in political science. - Political culture as a concept was introduced by Gabrial Almond in 1956.

Almond specifically limited his concept to one of its meaning, the psychological orientation towards social object. This refers to specifically political orientations, attitudes towards the political system and its various parts and attitudes toward the role of the self in the system.

- Political culture was also described by another scientist called Verba, as consisting of the system of empirical beliefs, expressive symbols and values which define the situation in which political action takes place. It provides the subjective orientation of politics.

- As for Lucian Pye, political culture is defined as a set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments which give order and meaning to a political process and which provides the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in political system.

In other words, political culture is the manifestation in aggregate from the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. It's the product of both collective history of a political system and the life of the members of that system and rooted equally in public events and private experiences.

Since that every political system is embedded in a set of meanings ad purposes, in seeking to define these psychological orientations of political action we will find that any orientate evolves three components:

1- "Cognitive Orientation", Knowledge of and about the political system, its roles, and the incumbents of these roles, its inputs and outputs. 2- "Affective Orientation", or feeling about the political systems, its roles, personnel and performance.

3- "Evaluative orientation", the judgments and opinions about political objects that typically involve the combination of value standards and criteria with information and feeling.

From these elements, we get that the political culture of society is defined operationally as particular distribution of patterns of cognitive, affective, and evolutional orientations among the population toward political objects.

 Specific roles or structures such as legislative bodies, executives, and bureaucracies.  Incumbents if roles, such as particular monarchs, legislators and administrators.

 Particular public policies, decisions, or enforcement of decisions.  These structures, incumbents, and decisions maybe distinguished in terms of their involvements in either their "input process" (the flow of demand from the society into the polity) or the "output process" (the conversion of these demands into authoritative policies)

 Political culture became the frequency of different kinds of cognitive, affective, and evaluative orientations toward the political system, its inputs and outputs aspects and the self as a political actor.

On such basis three ideal types of political culture are constructed; The parochial political culture is characterized by an absence of specialized political role as in many African tribal societies, and by the comparative absence of expectations among individuals that the political system will be responsive to their needs.

The subject political culture is characterized by a high frequency of orientations towards the system as a general object towards the outputs process of the system it also involves cognitive recognition of specialized governmental authority.

The participant political culture is one in which the members are explicitly oriented to political system in all aspects individual members of society always assume an activist role.

The three political cultures represent a cumulative extension of orientation. Out of many comparative studies of political cultures, Almond and Verba, Constructed a model of an ideal democratic culture "the Givi Culture" It's neither traditional nor modern, but a mixture of both.

As we have mentioned before each approach has key concept, assumption, elements (components) as well as pros and cons. We have already dealt with the political culture approach except the last point, namely the pros (merits) and cons (demerits) of the approach. As to cons, the political culture approach is mainly criticized as it never helps in building an empirical theory having the ability to interpret and to predict.

The approach could not explain why the political systems develop and vary from one to another.

Second, the approach dealt with the political culture as unidirectional in the sense that only the political culture of the citizen affects the political system while the relation between the two is circular in the sense that as the political culture affects the political systems, the latter affects the latter Effects the former.

However, such demerits never means that the political culture approach is useless in the study of comparative politics, rather it is of a limited use since the types of political culture (parochial, subject, participant) help to compare the political system.

It's a culture of pluralism of consensus and diversity. It's an allegiant culture where participant political orientations combine with don't replace subject and parochial political orientation.

The civic culture is particular mix, representing an ideal pattern of parochial, subject, and participant orientation at a particular moment in time.

Civic culture with all its contradictions in political attitudes seems particularly appropriate for democratic political system, because it sustain balance between governmental power and responsiveness between consensus and cleavage between citizen influence and citizen passivity.

So it's a political culture of moderation maintained by the democratic myth of citizen competence.