Capability Maturity Model

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)2 Immature Organisations Software processes are often rigorously followed. Organisation is reactionary. –firefighting. –schedules and budgets routinely exceeded. –product functionality and quality compromised to meet deadlines. –no objective way to judge product quality or software product and process problems.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)3 Mature Organisation Organisation-wide ability to manage development and maintenance. Managers communicate process to employees, and process is followed. Mandated process is useable and consistent with the way work actually gets done. Process updated when necessary. Objective, qualitative basis for judging product quality and analysing problems. Schedules and budgets usually met. Expected results for cost, schedule, functionality and quality usually achieved.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)4 Process Maturity Levels Optimizing ManagedDefinedRepeatable Initial disciplined process standard, consistent practice predictable process continuously improving process

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)5 Process Maturity Levels Process Maturity LevelKey Process Areas 5 – OptimizedDefect prevention Technology change management Process change management 4 – ManagedQuantitative process management Software quality management 3 – DefinedOrganization process focus Organization process definition Training program Integrated software management Software product engineering Intergroup coordination Peer reviews

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)6 Process Maturity Levels Process Maturity LevelKey Process Areas 2 – RepeatableRequirements management Software project management Software project tracking and oversight Software subcontract management Software quality assurance Software configuration management 1 – Initial

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)7 Goals for Level 2 KPAs Requirements analysis –System software requirements are controlled to establish a baseline for software engineering and management use. –Software plans, products, and activities are kept consistent with the system requirements.. Software Project Planning –Software estimates are documented for use in planning and tracking. –Software project activities and commitments are planned and documented, –Affected groups and individuals agree to their commitments related to the software project.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)8 Goals for Level 2 KPAs (cont) Software project tracking and oversight –Actual results and performance are tracked against the software plans. –Corrective actions are taken and managed when results and performance deviate significantly from the software plans. –Changes to software commitments are agreed to by the affected groups and individuals. Software subcontract management –The prime contractor selects qualified software subcontractors. –The prime contractor and the software subcontractor agree on their commitments to each other. maintain ongoing communications. –The prime contractor tracks the software subcontractor's actual results and performance against commitments.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)9 Goals for Level 2 KPAs (cont) Software quality assurance (SQA) –SQA activities are planned. –Adherence to standards, procedures, and requirements. –Affected groups and individuals are informed of SQA activities and results. –Noncompliance issues that cannot be resolved are addressed by senior management. Software configuration management (CM) –CM activities are planned. –Selected software work products are identified and controlled. –Changes to identified software work products are controlled.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)10 Goals for Level 3 KPAs Organization process focus. –Software process development and improvement activities are coordinated and planned across the whole organization. –The strengths and weaknesses of the software processes used are identified. Organization process definition – A standard software process for the organization is developed and maintained. –Information related to the use of the organization's standard software process by the software projects is collected, reviewed, and made available.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)11 Goals for Level 3 KPAs (cont) Training program –Training activities are planned. –Training for skills and knowledge needed for management and technical roles is provided. –Individuals receive the training necessary to perform their roles. Integrated software management –A project's defined software process is a tailored version of the organization's standard software process. –The project is planned and managed according to the project's defined software process. Integrated product engineering –SE tasks are defined, integrated, and consistently performed to produce the software. –Software work products are kept self-consistent.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)12 Goals for Level 3 KPAs (cont) Intergroup coordination –The customer's requirements are agreed to by all affected groups. –The SE groups identify, track, and resolve intergroup issues. Peer reviews –Peer review activities are planned. –Defects in the software work products are identified and removed.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)13 Goals for Level 4 KPAs Quantitative process management –Quantitative process management activities are planned. –The performance of the project's defined software process is controlled quantitatively. –The process capability of the organization's standard software process is known in quantitative terms. Software quality management (SQM) –The project's SQM activities are planned. –Measurable goals for quality and their priorities are defined. –Actual progress toward achieving the set quality goals is quantified and managed,

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)14 Goals for Level 5 KPAs Defect prevention –Defect prevention activities are planned. –Common causes of defects are sought out and identified. –Common causes of defects are prioritized and systematically eliminated. Technology change management –Incorporation of technology changes are planned. –Evaluation of new technologies. –Appropriate new technologies are transferred into normal practice across the corporation. Process change management –Continuous process improvement is planned. –Organization-wide participation in the software process improvement activities. –Continuous improvement of software process (organizational standard and tailored project version).

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)15 Conclusions The KPAs describe what to do, but they do not mandate how to do it. Achieving higher levels of software maturity is incremental and requires long term commitment to continuous process improvement. Software organizations may take 10 years or more to build a foundation for, and a culture oriented toward, continuous process improvement. This level of effort is required to produce mature software organizations. The CMM is not a silver bullet and does not address all of the issues important for successful projects. It does not: –address expertise in specific application domains. –advocate specific application technologies. –suggest how to select, hire, motivate and retain competent staff.

CS460 - Senior Design Project I (AY2004)16 Conclusions The CMM represents a common sense approach to software process improvement. The maturity levels and KPAs have been extensively discussed in the software engineering community. While the CMM is not prefect, it is a useful tool for guiding software process improvement efforts. The CMM does not guarantee the software products will be successfully built, but it can help improve cost, quality and productivity goals.