Discussion 2/7 Review S. Benish Spring 2016. Outline I. Atmospheric Composition II. Energy Transfer.

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Presentation transcript:

Discussion 2/7 Review S. Benish Spring 2016

Outline I. Atmospheric Composition II. Energy Transfer

I. Atmospheric Composition What are the major constituents of the air you’re breathing? 78% Nitrogen (N), 21% Oxygen (O 2 ), 1% Argon (Ar) +other gases What else is in the air? What are their sources? Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Volcanoes, plant/animal decay, plant respiration, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation Methane (CH 4 ) Wetlands, termites, rice paddies, ruminants, biomass burning, landfills, coal mining, gas production Aerosols Oceans, erosion, fires, volcanoes, human activity Ozone (O 3 )

II. Energy Transfer Key term: Latent heat What is it? The heat required to melt or evaporate a substance Examples? - Ice in a cooler absorbs heat from the drinks - Body sweat

Energy Transfer cont. Key term: specific heat What is it? The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of the substance 1 °C What has a higher specific heat? Water or land?

Types of Energy Transfer Conduction What is it? Energy is transferred from molecule to molecule, requires contact! What’s a good conductor? Metals

Types of Energy Transfer cont. Convection What is it? Energy transfer by movement of fluid (air is considered a fluid) What are some examples? The sun heating the surface (“hot air rises and cool air sinks”) Lava lamps How are temperature and density related? Recall the Ideal Gas Law: Density=Pressure/Temperature X constant As temperature rises, density falls “The less dense air floats”

Types of Energy Transfer cont. Advection What is it? Horizontal movement of air What are some examples? Wind What will happen to air that is pushed up a mountain? When it sinks again?

Types of Energy Transfer cont. Radiative Heat/Radiation What is it? Heating due to electromagnetic radiation

Radiation cont. The sun emits only a part of its energy in the IR portion of the spectrum In fact, the energy from the sun peaks in the viibble part of the spectrum (shorter wavelengths than IR) Earth emits almost all of its energy at IR wavelengths Solar radiation is often called shortwave radiation Earth’s radiation is often called longwave radiation

This image shows how much radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere at different wavelengths

Key Terms Latent heat Specific heat Conduction Convection Advection Longwave radiation Shortwave radiation

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