BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations BASIC STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS.

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Presentation transcript:

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations BASIC STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Introduction Bridge members must be able to carry loads applied to them. This presentation considers: –How loads are applied to members –How bridge members are stressed by loads –How bridge materials resist stress

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams STA C Brg. Abut 2 C Pier 2C Pier 1 C Brg. Abut STA STA STA EL EL EL EL Pier Cap (Continuous Beam) Pipe Piles (Columns) SC-510 Girders (Simple Beams)

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams Load Reaction

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams SC-510 GIRDERS (SIMPLE BEAMS) PIER CAP (CONTINUOUS BEAM) Typical Cross Section

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams Load Reaction Load Reaction

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns and Hangers SC-510 GIRDERS (SIMPLE BEAMS) PIER CAP (CONTINUOUS BEAM) Typical Cross Section PIPE PILES (COLUMNS) STRUTS (COLUMNS)

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns and Hangers Load Reaction Load Reaction ColumnHanger

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stresses What is a stress? –Loads cause stresses –Stresses are the internal forces How to calculate stress? N Stress = Force/Area = 40000/200x100 = 2MPa

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses STRESS PLANE FORCE Tensile Stress

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses STRESS PLANE FORCE Compressive Stress

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses FORCE Bending Stress FORCE

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses Shear Stress FORCE STRESS PLANE

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Hangers – Tension Stress FORCE Tension Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns – Compression Stress FORCE Compression Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns – Buckling Slender Column Stocky Column

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams - Curvature Positive Curvature

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams - Curvature Positive Curvature Positive Curvature Negative Curvature

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams – Bending Stresses Bending Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams – Bending Stresses Bending Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Horizontal Shear Stress Horizontal Shear Stress

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Horizontal Shear Stress

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Vertical Shear Stress Shear Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Vertical Shear Stress Tension Stresses

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Strain It is described as the amount of deformation. It denotes the ratio of material’s deformed dimension to its original dimension. L ΔLΔL Strain = ΔL/L

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Deformation & Modulus of Elasticity Elastic Deformation - It is reversible distortion of a material. Plastic Deformation – It is the irreversible distortion of a material. Modulus of Elasticity (E) = Stress/Strain

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Steel SHORTENLENGTHEN TENSION COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Steel KINK

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Buckling of Steel Members Steel members are normally made up of slender components. Slender compression members are susceptible to buckling. Mis-aligned member in compression lowers the load at which it buckles.

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete SHORTENLENGTHEN TENSION COMPRESSION STRESS

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete TENSION CRACK

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete TENSION CRACK (Typ) REINFORCING STEEL

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete SHEAR CRACK (Typ) REINFORCING STEEL TENSION CRACKS

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete CONCRETE BEAM HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete CONCRETE BEAM DEFLECTED UPWARD HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Prestressed Concrete C T T T C T C C C

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber TENSION CRACK INITIATED AT KNOT

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber HORIZONTAL SHEAR CRACK

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber CRUSHING AT SUPPORTS TIMBER CAPS TIMBER PILES TIMBER BEAM

BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations END