First Two Years: Psychosocial Early Emotions The First Half Year –Distress and sadness –Interest and pleasure –Social smile The Older Infant –Stranger wariness –Separation anxiety Chapter 7

Social referencing Self-awareness Chapter 7 First Two Years: Psychosocial Connecting through emotions

The Importance of Nature –Learning theory –Psychoanalytic theory Freud: Oral and Anal stages Erikson: Trust and Autonomy Chapter 7 First Two Years: Psychosocial Origins of Personality

The Importance of Nurture –Temperament –Five dimensions of temperament Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Neuroticism Openness Chapter 7 First Two Years: Psychosocial Origins of Personality

Activity level Rhythmicity Approach-withdrawal Adaptability Intensity of reaction Threshold of responsiveness Quality of mood Distractibility Attention span Chapter 7 First Two Years: Psychosocial Origins of Personality Research suggests that infants differ in nine characteristics:

First Two Years: Psychosocial Social Interactions Synchrony Attachment –Proximity-seeking behavior –Contact-maintaining behavior Measuring attachment –Strange situation –Secure attachment –Insecure attachment Chapter 7

First Two Years: Psychosocial Patterns of Attachment in Infancy Secure (Ainsworth’s Type B) Insecure-resistant (Type C) Insecure-avoidant (Type A) Insecure-disorganized (Type D) Other Chapter 7

First Two Years: Psychosocial Categories of the Adult Attachment Interview Autonomous Dismissing Preoccupied Unresolved Chapter 7

First Two Years: Psychosocial Signs of high-quality day care Adequate attention to each infant Encouragement of sensorimotor exploration and language development Attention to health and safety Well-trained and professional caregivers Chapter 7