Chapter 16 Atlantic South America 6 th Grade Social Studies Hodnicki

Maps of South America PoliticalPhysical

Section 1: Physical Geography Amazon River / Basin Brazilian Highlands Brazilian Plateau Gran Chaco Patagonia Andes Parana River Paraguay River Rio de la Plata Tierra del Fuego South America Map

Section 1: Vocabulary Pampas - A wide, grassy plains region in central Argentina Estuary - A partially enclosed body of water where salty seawater and freshwater mix Soil exhaustion - The loss of soil nutrients needed by plants

Brazil Vocabulary  Favelas – huge slums that surround some Brazilian cities

Section 3: Argentina Vocabulary:  Encomienda - A system in which Spanish monarchs gave land to Spanish colonists in the Americas; landowners could force Indians living there to work the land  Gauchos - Argentine cowboys  Mercosur - A trade organization that includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and two associate members (Bolivia and Chile)

Section 4: Uruguay and Paraguay Vocabulary  Landlocked - Completely surrounded by land, with no direct access to the ocean

SECTION 1 Physical Geography Resources of Atlantic South America rain forest—for food, wood, rubber, medicinal plants; gold, other minerals oil hydroelectric power; minerals Area of Atlantic South AmericaResource oil, natural gas hydroelectric power Amazon River basin Brazilian Highlands Brazilian Plateau Patagonia Gran Chaco Pampasoil, natural gas, minerals

Main Ideas What major landforms lie between the Amazon River basin and Patagonia? The Brazilian Highlands, the Pampas, and Gran Chaco are the major landforms that lie between the Amazon River and Patagonia.

Main Idea What sets the Amazon River apart from all of the world’s other rivers? The Amazon River drains the largest area and carries more water than any other river in the world.

Main Idea Why is the Patagonia desert dry? The Patagonia is dry because the Andes prevent the Pacific Ocean’s rain-bearing storms from reaching the area.

Tropical Rainforests: Where Are Rainforests Located? Tropical rainforests are located near the equator One third of the world's tropical rainforests are in Brazil.

What makes the Tropical Rainforest special? Forest People Causes of Destruction

Section 2: Brazil

Section 2 Objectives Describe the history of Brazil. Identify the important characteristics of Brazil’s people and culture. Describe what Brazil’s four major regions are like today.

Questions How have different people influenced Brazilian history? How has cultural borrowing affected Brazilian culture? What are Brazils four main regions? 4:51

SECTION 2 Brazil Question: What are some important characteristics of Brazil’s various regions?

SECTION 2 Brazil The Amazon The Interior The Northeast The Southeast dense rain forest; isolated Brazilian Indian villages; Manaus—major city; Belém—Atlantic port; large mining district; tensions among Brazilian Indians, settlers, miners savannas and dry woodlands, could become agricultural area, Brasília, the national capital old colonial cities like Salvador, suffers from drought, poorest region, favelas coffee-growing area, Rio de Janeiro, richest region, most people, São Paulo Brazil

Main Ideas Many Brazilians are descended from Africans, Portuguese, Spaniards, Germans, and Italians, and Poles.

Main Idea What is Brazil’s poorest region? What is its richest and most populated region? Brazil’s poorest region is the northeast and its richest and most populated is the southeast.

Google Earth Brazil  Brasilia  Manaurs Argentina  Cordoba  Cosquin

20:21 Brazil

Section 3: Argentina

Section 3 Objectives Describe the history of Argentina. Identify the important characteristics of Argentina’s people and culture. Describe what Argentina is like today.

SECTION 3 Argentina Ethnic makeup of Argentina Descendants of Spanish, Italian, or other European settlers 97% Argentine Indians and mestizos 3%

Main Ideas Argentine Indians were killed in wars with the Argentine government. There are few Indians today. Early Argentina was settled under the encomienda system The Pampas became important for agriculture and the home of the gauchos

Main Idea Most of Argentina’s industry is located in the Buenos Aires area because of its beneficial position in the country.  Buenos Aires is the second largest city in South America Argentina is known for the creation of the tango dance

Main Ideas Argentina is a major beef producer and beef is a large part of their diet Argentina is a member of Mercosur Argentina has a representative democracy (republic) with an elected president and legislature

Section 4: Uruguay and Paraguay

Section 4 Objectives Describe what the people and economy of Uruguay are like today. Describe what the people and economy of Paraguay are like today.

Questions What geographic factors support agriculture in Uruguay? How is Paraguay’s economy organized? 4:00

SECTION 4 Uruguay and Paraguay Question: In what ways do the people and economies of Paraguay and Uruguay differ?

SECTION 4 Uruguay and Paraguay The People and Economy of Paraguay and Uruguay Uruguay People Economy Paraguay People Economy 88% European; most Roman Catholic; Spanish, Portuguese (lang.) ; 90% urban; high literacy rate led by Brazil and Argentina; agriculture, livestock; hydroelectric power 95% mestizo; Spanish (lang.), Guaraní, most Roman Catholic controlled by few families and companies; surplus hydroelectricity; agriculture; not much industry

Main Ideas Uruguay was controlled by Portugal before Spain Uruguay gained independence from Spain in 1825 and Paraguay from Spain in Paraguay’s most productive land is located east of the Paraguay River. Paraguay has erected hydroelectric projects on the Parana River to create more power, surplus power is sold to Brazil and Argentina.

Main Idea Where is Paraguay’s most productive agricultural land? Paraguay’s most productive land is located east of the Paraguay River.

Main Idea How has Paraguay used the natural resources for economic development? Paraguay has erected hydroelectric projects on the Parana River to create more power, surplus power is sold to Brazil and Argentina.

Chapter Wrap-Up 1. Which country in Atlantic South America was a Portuguese colony? What colonial power controlled the other countries before they became independent? 2. What major river systems drain much of northern and central Atlantic South America? What economic roles do they play? 3. Which is the richest region in Brazil? Which is the poorest? 4. What and where is the Rio de la Plata? 5. What is the most important agricultural area in Argentina? 1. Which country in Atlantic South America was a Portuguese colony? What colonial power controlled the other countries before they became independent? 2. What major river systems drain much of northern and central Atlantic South America? What economic roles do they play? 3. Which is the richest region in Brazil? Which is the poorest? 4. What and where is the Rio de la Plata? 5. What is the most important agricultural area in Argentina? CHAPTER 16

Credits All information and activities borrowed from Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; People, Places, and Change