Soil Mineralogy and Chemistry Lecture 4. Phyllosilicate Minerals.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 2 continued 2:1 phyllosilicates.

Advertisements

Silicates are classified on the basis of Si-O polymerism

Mineral Structures Silicates are classified on the basis of Si-O polymerism the [SiO 4 ] 4- tetrahedron.

DIVISION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1 Introduction to Soil Engineering D. A. Cameron 2007.

Soil Chemical Properties

Sedimentary Materials

Chapter 2 continued 2:1 phyllosilicates Vermiculite, Mica, and Illite.

Sedimentary Minerals We will focus on some minerals which form from precipitation of dissolved ions  other minerals in sedimentary rocks are derived from.

One half of the world’s population, about 3 billion people on six continents, lives or works in buildings constructed of clay - The New York Times.

Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures Lecture 4.

Chapter 4- Products of Weathering Several things can happen to products 1- removal of materials by leaching e.g., CaCO 3 2- reaction of materials, either.

Clay Types Study Guide Types of Colloids –crystalline silicate clays (covered by this guide) –non-crystalline silicate clays (p 314) –Fe & Al oxides (p.

Clay Mineralogy.

Terrigenous Sediments Weathering. Sediment Production and Weathering Sedimentary Cycle –Components of the Sedimentary Cycle Weathering –Physical Types.

Soil Chemistry Chapter 5.

1 Duration = 15 mins.. SIVA Copyright© Elements of Earth km dia 8-35 km crust % by weight in crust O= 49.2 Si= 25.7 Al= 7.5 Fe= 4.7 Ca= 3.4.

Weathering and Soils (ch.3): Week 5, Friday; September 26, 2014.

Chapter 27 The Phyllosilicates N. MacDonald. Outline Introduction Introduction Phyllosilicates Phyllosilicates Basic structural units Basic structural.

1:1 Clay Minerals Repeat TO layers bonded with weak electrostatic bonds.

Cation Exchange Capacity

Chapter 2 continued Inorganic soil solids.

Soil Mineralogy and Chemistry Lecture 4. Phyllosilicate Minerals.

Chapter 2 Inorganic Solids in Soil continued.

Chapter 2 continued 2:1 phyllosilicates (Chlorites) Non-silicates.

Chapter 2 continued 2:1 phyllosilicates. Isomorphous Substitution Substitution, during formation, of one ion for another of similar SIZE (but not necessarily.

PKa concepts Ionization = the process in which ions are formed from neutral compounds; Dissociation = the separation of the ions of an electrovalent compound.

Lecture 20 (12/06/2006) Systematic Description of Minerals Part 4: Silicates II: Cyclosilicates, Inosilicates, Phyllosilicates and Tectosilicates.

The Biogeochemistry of Soils: Soils from Stars Composition of soils on earth is arguably unexpected Soils, and Earth, not reflective of chemistry of Universe.

Visual comparison of common silicate clays

Mineral Weathering and Secondary Mineral Formation weathering: chemical alteration of minerals (in soils, involves water, gases, acids, etc). Parent material.

Lecture 11 Clay Minerals Clay and organic matter in the soil provide the negative absorptive sites or Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Clay can hold positive.

X-Ray Diffraction for Soils

Organic Matter. 1.Aluminosilcates are composed of two fundamental units: silica tetrahedra and aluminum octahedra to form sheet-like structures. 2. Cation.

Sheet Silicates Abundant and common minerals throughout upper 20 km of crust Abundant and common minerals throughout upper 20 km of crust Felsic to intermediate.

Summary of Important Concepts Soil is a layer of weathered rock, minerals, and organic matter at the earth’s surface that supports plant life. The main.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Chapter 8 The.

Soil Colloids Chapter 8. █Ca 2+ +2K +  Ca 2+ + █2K + These equilibria are complex, involving all exchangeable species. The above is an example.

Building Soil Minerals. EXPECTED ION CORRDINATION.

SOIL COLLOIDS The soil colloids are the most active portion of the soil and largely determine the physical and chemical properties of a soil. Inorganic.

Chapter 4 – The Lithosphere Lithosphere (soils) affected by… composition of atm. gases (e.g. 4Fe  2Fe 2 O 3 ) atmospheric circulation climate.

QUIZ 5 Answers 1.) Pick one of the two “building blocks” of silicate clay minerals, tetrahedron or octahedron. Describe its elemental composition and what.

Chapter 25 Oxides and hydroxides Review of ionic crystals.

Quiz 5 - Answers 1.)a.)List the five master horizons for describing soil profiles. O, A, E, B, C(2) b.) What is an elluvial horizon? Horizon in which there.

Weathering -II.

SIFAT KOLOID TANAH & KTK SUMBER:

1. Medium for Plant growth  provides anchorage  ventilation, soil pores allow CO2, formed through root respiration escape to the atmosphere and O2 to.

Mineral Colloids Continued. Na + K + K + Na + K + K + K + Cation Exchange Na +

PART -III Analytical Methods for Metal Speciation in Water and Solids

The Twelve USDA Soil Orders

What happens when granite is weathered??

Last mineral identification test this Friday, November 26. Sign up for one of the two shifts … 14 people per shift.

Minerals Ionic Solids Types of bonds Covalentbonding e - s shared equally Ionic coulombic attraction between anion and cation e - s localized Ionic / covalent.

Reactions of Aluminosilcates

Soil Acidity and Review of Colloid Charge. Mineral Charge.

Soil Clay Minerals and CEC

Silicate Clays.

Soil colloids. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL: Soil Colloids cat ion Exchange organic matter / Organic carbon Carbon –Nitroge ratio Soil fertility Soil reaction.

Basic Soil Plant Relationships Fundamentals of Nutrient Management Training Course Dec. 14, 2005 Jim Gorman West Virginia University.

ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS

INTRODUCTION TO SOIL CHEMISTRY Soil Chemistry is an important branch of soil science. It is fundamental to all soil processes that affect the use of soil.

Lecture 12 Clay Minerals Clay and organic matter in the soil provide the negative absorptive sites or Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

William D. Nesse Copyright © 2012, by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Sheet Silicates Abundant and common minerals throughout upper 20 km of crust Felsic to intermediate igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks All are.

Basic Soil-Plant Relationships

Basic Soil-Plant Relationships

Sheetsilicates There are many minerals with a sheet silicate structure, including mica and clay minerals. They share the same building units: (i) a tetrahedral.

GES166/266, Soil Chemistry Lecture 1, Introduction.

Activity diagram showing the stability relationships among some minerals in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at 25°C. The dashed lines represent saturation.

Presentation transcript:

Soil Mineralogy and Chemistry Lecture 4

Phyllosilicate Minerals

Building of Tetrahedral Sheets * Linked SiO 4 tetrahedra

SiO 4 Tetrahedron

Polyhedral View

x y z

Si 6 O 18

Polyhedral View

Si 6 O 18 Spaced Filled View

Linking Rings to Form Tetrahedral Sheets

Tetrahedral Sheet Si:O 2:5 4.11

Tetrahedral Sheet unsaturated ‘edge’sites 4.12

Tetrahedral Sheet unsaturated apical oxygens 4.13

Building of Octahedral Sheets

Al(OH) 6 or Mg (OH) 6 Octahedra OH

Al(OH) 6 or Mg (OH) 6 Octahedra

Octahedral Sheet OH 4.18

(tri)Octahedral Sheet Mg (OH) 6 Octahedra 4.19

Dioctahedral Sheet Al(OH) 6 Octahedra 4.20

A Georgian Ultisol

Octahedral-Tetrahedral Linkage

Sharing of Apical Oxygens in Tetrahdral Sheet with Hydroxyls of Octahedral Sheet Serpentine (1:1 trioctahedral mineral) tet oct 4.23

Sharing of Apical Oxygens in Tetrahdral Sheet with Hydroxyls of Two Octahedral Sheets tet oct tet Talc (2:1 trioctahedral mineral) 4.24

Tet Oct Tet

tet oct Short hand, Block notation Short-hand Symbols 4.26

Isomorphic Substitution  permanent (layer) charge

Al 3+, Fe 3+ Si 4+ tet oct Mg 2+ Al 3+ Isomorphic Substitution 4.28

Terminal Bonds  pH-dependent charge

terminal bonds Terminal Bonds 4.30

tet oct tet oct tet oct tet oct tet oct trioctahedraldioctahedral octahedra 1:1 2:1 T:O (class) brucite gibbsite serpentine kaolinite pyrophyllite talc Phyllosilicates, NO layer charge 4.31

tet oct tet oct tet K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ Phyllosilicates: 2:1 with layer charge micas 1 unit of (-) layer charge per formula unit tet oct tet oct tet K+K+ H2OH2O Ca 2+ H2OH2O H2OH2O < 1 unit of (-) layer charge per formula unit 2:1 clay minerals 4.32

4.33

4.34 Structure d-spacing Interlayer Status: d-spacing (and mica) K+K+

CEC cmol/Kg Properties of Clay Minerals 4.35

Western GA Ultisol Kaolin and Oxide Rich Soil Accessory Minerals 4.36

Young, weakly weathered soils = fine-grained mica, chlorite, vermiculite (Entisol, Inceptisol) Intermediate weathering = vermiculite, smectite, kaolinite (Mollisol, Alfisol, Ultisol) Strong weathering = kaolinite, hydrous oxides (Ultisol--> Oxisol) Clay mineralogy reflects weathering processes 4.37

Smectite Soil NE Montana Vertisol Hawaiian Oxisol Iron and Al-oxide Rich 4.38 ?

4.39

Organic Matter reactive functional groups: carboxyl, hydroxyl, phenolic * Humus, Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid