Chapter 11 Leadership in Teams and Decision Groups Matakuliah: A Kepemimpinan Tahun: 2008 / 2009

Bina Nusantara

Learning Objectives Understand the processes that determine how well a group performs an operational task. Understand the different types of teams commonly used in organizations and implications for leadership. Understand how leadership is shared in self-managed teams and the conditions that make these teams more effective.

Bina Nusantara Learning Objectives Understand the advantages of cross-functional teams and the difficulties confronting leaders of these teams. Understand procedures to facilitate team learning and to build trust and cooperation among team members. Understand why some groups make better decisions than others.

Bina Nusantara Learning Objectives Understand the primary leadership functions in decision groups. Understand procedures for leading successful meetings.

Bina Nusantara Types of Team Functional team Cross functional team Self manager work team Self defining team Top executive team Virtual team

Bina Nusantara Functional Teams Objective autonomy Work autonomy Internal leader authority Existence duration Membership stability Member functional diversity Low Low to Moderate High Low

Bina Nusantara Cross-Functional Teams Objective autonomy Work autonomy Internal leader authority Existence duration Membership stability Member functional diversity Low to Moderate High Low to Moderate High

Bina Nusantara Self-Managed Work Teams Objective autonomy Work autonomy Internal leader authority Existence duration Membership stability Member functional diversity Low High Low High Low

Bina Nusantara Self-Defining Teams Objective Autonomy Work autonomy Internal leader authority Existence duration Membership stability Member functional diversity High Low Variable

Bina Nusantara Top Executive Team Objective autonomy Work autonomy Internal leader authority Existence duration Membership stability Member functional diversity High

Bina Nusantara Virtual Teams In virtual teams, members are geographically separate and most communication is through computers and telecommunications technology.

Bina Nusantara Procedures for Facilitating Team Learning After-Activity ReviewsDialogue Sessions

Bina Nusantara Guidelines for Team Building Emphasize common interests and values. Use ceremonies and rituals. Use symbols to develop identification with the group. Encourage and facilitate social interaction. Tell people about group activities and achievements. Conduct process analysis sessions. Conduct alignment sessions. Increase incentives for mutual cooperation.

Bina Nusantara Decision Making in Groups Group Size Status Differentials Cohesiveness Membership Diversity Emotional Maturity Physical Environment Communication Technology

Bina Nusantara Leadership Functions in Meetings TASK-ORIENTED Process structuring Stimulating communication Clarifying communication Summarizing Consensus testing GROUP-MAINTENANCE Gatekeeping Harmonizing Supporting Standard setting Process analyzing

Bina Nusantara Guidelines for Leading Meetings Inform people about necessary meeting preparations. Share essential information with group. Describe the problem without implying cause or solution. Allow ample time for idea generation and evaluation. Separate idea generation from idea evaluation.

Bina Nusantara Guidelines for Leading Meetings Encourage and facilitate participation. Encourage positive restatement and idea building. Use systematic procedures for solution evaluation. Look for an integrative solution. Encourage consensus but don’t insist on it. Clarify responsibilities for implementation.

Bina Nusantara Summary Teams are increasingly being used to improve quality, efficiency, and adaptive change. The benefits of teams depend on the quality of leadership. The success of a team also depends on after-activity reviews and dialogue sessions. Leadership functions can be task-oriented or group- maintenance.