Predict/Observe/Explain Predict what will happen to a balloon placed over an open flame… Observe! Explain what happened!

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Presentation transcript:

Predict/Observe/Explain Predict what will happen to a balloon placed over an open flame… Observe! Explain what happened!

Matter & Phase Change

Penguin Convection!

What is heat? What is temperature?

Heat and Temperature The terms heat and temperature are often confused by people… Heat is a form of energy Temperature is a measure of how hot something is Heat Energy

…something which has a higher temperature than another does not necessarily contain more heat energy…

Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat) You need to be able to explain your answer Coffee Pot or the North Sea

Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat) You must be prepared to explain your answer Iceberg or a glass of water

Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are three temperature scales. Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature. Absolute zero (0 K, or –273ºC) is the lowest possible temperature. A thermostat works because of the thermal expansion of a bimetallic strip.

Heat Heat is energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Thermal energy will always be transferred from higher to lower temperature. Transfer of thermal energy ends when two objects that are in contact are at the same temperature.

Heat Transfer Conduction, convection, and radiation are three ways thermal energy is transferred.

Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1ºC. Energy transferred by heat cannot be measured directly. It must be calculated using specific heat, mass, and change in temperature. Energy transferred by heat is expressed in joules (J) and is calculated as follows: heat (J) 5 specific heat (J/kgºC) 3 mass (kg) 3 change in temperature (ºC).