ENGLISH B΄ Class

UNIT 1

HOW TO DESCRIBE A PERSON

GAIT Way of walking

WHAT DO WE CALL GAIT? Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, including humans, during locomotion over a solid substrate.movementlimbshumanslocomotion

GAIT-HUMANS Human gait refers to locomotion achieved through the movement of human limbs. ifferent gait patterns are characterized by differences in limb movement patterns, overall velocity, forces, kinetic and potential energy cycles, and changes in the contact with the surface (ground, floor, etc.).locomotionlimbssurfacegroundfloor Human gaits are the various ways in which a human can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training.

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Classification Gaits can be roughly categorized into two groups: the NATURAL gaits that nearly every human will use without special training, and the SPECIALIZED gaits which people are trained to use under specific conditions and situations. Another classification system applicable to human group gaits depends on whether or not the person is continuously in contact with the ground. SPECIALIZED gaits include those trained for martial arts and entertainment, as well as additional gaits for regular motion that don't necessarily occur naturally. However, any gait that is not a natural gait is considered specialized.

NATURAL GAIT The so–called natural gaits, in increasing order of speed, are the meander, walk, jog, run, and sprint. While other intermediate speed gaits may occur naturally to some people, these five basic gaits occur naturally across almost all cultures. All natural gaits are designed to propel a person forward, but can also be adapted for lateral movement. As natural gaits all have the same purpose, they are mostly distinguished by when the leg muscles are used during the gait cycle.

CRAWL Crawl can refer to the specific gait, crawl, or to any gait involving the arms along with the legs.crawlarmslegs

WALK The walk is a gait which keeps at least one foot in contact with the ground at all times. The walk is characterized by using leg muscles as the primary driving force, in contrast with the meander.

The walk is performed with the following steps: Lift one leg off the ground Using the leg in contact with the ground, push your body forward. Swing your lifted leg forward until it is in front of your body Fall forward to allow your lifted leg to contact the ground. Repeat steps 1–4 for the other leg.

NATURAL GAIT Jog: 1. A slight push or shake; a nudge. 2. A jogging movement or rhythm. 3. A slow steady trot. Run Sprint: 1.To move rapidly or at top speed for a brief period, as in running or swimming. 2.To move over (a distance) rapidly or at top speed for a brief period: sprinted the last 100 yards to the finish line.

SPECIALIZED The moonwalk is a dance move that presents the illusion of the dancer being pulled backwards while attempting to walk forward. A popping move, it became popular around the world when Michael Jackson performed the move and it since became his signature move. March Swagger Moonwalk

SPECIALIZED  Specialized gaits for regular locomotion Trot Skip Side-step Power walk Hobble  Specialized gaits for martial arts Ayumi-ashi Okuri-ashi  Non-bipedal human gaits Crawl Using a cane Using crutches Using walking poles (in pairs)

FOOT STRIKE One variable in gait is foot strike – how the foot contacts the ground, specifically which part of the foot first contacts the ground.  forefoot strike – toe-heel: ball of foot lands first  midfoot strike – heel and ball land simultaneously  heel strike – heel-toe: heel of foot lands, then plantar flexes to ball In sprinting, gait typically features a forefoot strike, but the heel does not contact the ground.

GENDER DIFFERENCES There are gender differences in human gait patterns: females tend to walk with smaller step width and more pelvic movement. Gait analysis generally takes gender into consideration. Gender differences in human gait can be explored using a demonstration created by the Biomotion Laboratory at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.gender differencesGait analysis

PRESENTED BY Δρόσου Κλειώ Εξαρχέα Δήμητρα Μίχου Νίκη-Μαρία Χαλούλου Παναγιώτα