INDUSTRIAL ACTITVITIES AND AREAS SECONDARY SECTOR

1. DEFINITION The secondary sector includes economic activities that transform raw materials into other products to meet human needs. These economic activities are industry, mining, energy production and construction.

1.1. INDUSTRY Industry makes up most of the secondary sector. It transforms raw materials into finished products or intermediate products; in other words, products that are consumed directly, or that are used as raw materials in a new industrial process.

1.2 WHAT INDUSTRY NEEDS? RAW MATERIALS: are natural substances that industry transforms into products. ENERGY SOURCES: the natural resources that provide the energy PRODUCTION AIDES: the employees or workforce, financial capital and technology.

1.3 OTHER SECONDARY SECTOR ACTIVITIES MINNING: involves locating, extracting and refining the rocks and minerals found in the earth and subsoil. ENERGY PRODUCTION: transforms energy sources into energy such as heat or electricity. CONSTRUCTION: different types of buildings, roads, bridges, dams, etc. are constructed,

2. RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY SOURCES RAW MATERIALS are natural substances that industry transforms into processed products. ENERGY SOURCES are natural resources that provide the energy required to power machines, making industrial processing possible.

2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS RAW MATERIALS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN: - Vegetable matter: from agriculture (crops) or forestry (wood, rubber). - Animal matter: come from livestock farming (leather, wood) and fishing (olis, tinned seafood)

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ANIMAL MATTER

2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS RAW MATERIALS OF GEOLOGICAL ORIGIN: - MINERALS: including metals (iron, aluminium, copper), precious metals, and non-metal materials (glass, gemstones) ZINC

2. 1 CLASSIFING RAW MATERIALS -ROCKS: granite, clay, marble -FOSSIL FUELS: coal, oil and natural gas.

2.2. CLASSIFING ENERGY SOURCES Traditional energy sources are the most common. They include coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy. They are all non-renewable forms of energy. Also included in this group is hydropower, a renewable form of energy.

2.2. CLASSIFING ENERGY SOURCES Alternative energies are often based on technology that is still at the research stage, or is too expensive. The most common forms of alternative energy are solar and wind power. Other types of alternative energy are biomass, geothermal and tidal energy. These are all forms of renewable energy and are considered to be clean or “green energy”, meaning they do not pollute the environment or generate waste.

3. INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIAL SPACES Industries are usually classified in the following ways (depending on the products they manufacture): -Primary industries -Capital goods industries -Light industry

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES manufacture semi-finished products. Included in this category are the steel industry (which makes iron and steel) and the petrochemical industry (which produces chemicals).

CAPITAL GOODS SERVICES manufacture products that are needed in other industries and in the transportation industry. These products include general machinery; industrial and construction equipment; and railway and shipbuilding materials.

LIGHT INDUSTRY manufactures finished products, such as foodstuffs, textiles and chemicals, which are aimed directly at the consumer.

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