International Events 1) The Olympics 2) Competitions

GCSE PE The Olympic Games Date:

HISTORY Olympics revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin late in the 19th century. The first of the modern Summer Games opened on Sunday, March 24, 1896, in Athens, Greece.

1936 BERLIN OLYMPICS RACIST ISSUES connected with the Games – Adolf Hitler Many Jews and Gypsies were banned from participating in sporting events Nazi ‘PROPAGANDA’: strength of ‘Aryan race’ and weakness of others Success of Jesse Owens winning 4 Gold medals

1968 MEXICO OLYMPICS Also famous for ‘race’ and POLITICAL ISSUES Tommy Smith + John Charles PROTEST at medal ceremony Many records broken due to high altitude Dick Fosbury first used his ‘flop’ technique

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1972 MUNICH OLYMPICS ‘Munich massacre’ – Palestinian TERRORISTS took 11 Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage and later killed them Mark Spitz winning 7 gold medals Hoax in marathon event CONTREOVERSY in basketball result

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1976 MONTREAL OLYMPICS Apartheid controversy – 28 African nations BOYCOTT games in protest of New Zealand rugby tour Highly visible SECURITY after Munich massacre No gold medals for host country Olympic flame went out!

1976 MONTREAL OLYMPICS Huge FINANCIAL COST of games - $1.16 billion!!! The stadium is now known as ‘the big owe’ DRUGS: East German women’s swimming team subject to testosterone injections from own coaches

1984 LOS ANGELES OLYMPICS Huge financial PROFIT - $200 million – most successful in history 7-eleven + McDonalds helped cover cost of construction etc McDonalds scratch card disaster "If the US Wins, You Win!" (83 Gold medals) 14 Eastern bloc countries (inc. the Soviet Union BOYCOTT the games in response to USA’s boycott 4 years earlier

1988 SEOUL OLYMPICS DRUGS: Ben Johnson wins 100m in 9:79 (New WR), but later sent home after failing drugs test.

1988 SEOUL OLYMPICS

2008 BEIJING OLYMPICS

Concerns over human rights issues in China HEALTH + SAFETY concerns over air pollution PROPAGANDA: Restriction on free speech by the media Concerns over ages of Chinese gymnasts DEVELOPMENT: Problems re. re- housing local people in Beijing

but there were some good things…

MICHAEL PHELPS: 18 Olympic Golds 57 ‘major’ Golds 39 WRs Is Michael Phelps the greatest athlete of all time?

and this guy did ok as well…

London hosted the Olympic Games in Describe the issues which London had to face when hosting the Olympics, highlighting advantages and disadvantages for London as a host nation. -Answer in continuous prose. (8 marks)

Advantages: Improved facilities Improved transport Job opportunities Tourism/Sponsorship etc brings in money Opportunity to see ‘world best’

Disadvantages: Fear of terrorism Boycotts and protests High costs of ‘regeneration’, development and security Burden of ‘LEGACY’

Competitions Date: LO’s: 1)Formats 2)Advantages 3)Disadvantages

Leagues

Order of Play

Results Table

Leagues In your books write out how an example of the format of a league competition (order of play + results table).

Leagues Advantages: -Caters for large entry -Fair as everyone plays everyone -Arrangements made in advance Disadvantages: -Can take a long time -Possible fixture congestion

Knock-outs

Knockouts

In your books write out how an example of the format of a knockout competition (highlight ‘seeds’ and general layout).

Knockouts Advantages: -Quick and easy to organise -Can allow for high numbers Disadvantages: -If you lose, you’re out!!! -Difficult to organise with certain numbers (i.e. not 4, 8, 16, 32, 64…)*

Ladders

Order of Play

Ladders In your books write out how an example of the format of a ladder competition (starting order + round by round updates).

Ladders Advantages: -Very simple + easy to run -If you don’t play, you drop down Disadvantages: -Progress can be slow -Only really suits small entry -Suits racket sports (tennis, badminton)

Combination Events Combine elements of some/all of the other competitions, e.g. smaller leagues where ‘top 2’ progress into a knock-out competition, OR A round-robin (league) is played with a straight final at the end between the top 2 teams. E.G…

The Champions League

Scenario 1 -Rugby competition -24 teams -To be played over a 9 month season -The most suitable completion is… -LEAGUE

Scenario 2 -Table tennis competition -11 players -To be played over a 2 days -The most suitable completion is… -LADDER

Scenario 3 -Volleyball competition -32 teams -To be played over a 2 weeks -The most suitable completion is… -KNOCKOUT