Recurrency/Transition Training Tom Johnson CFIG

Contents  Currency –Individual Pilot Currency –Towing/Tow Pilots –Pilot Factors –Safety Culture  Transition –Additional Launch Methods –Higher/Lower Performance Gliders –Additional Glider Rating –Log Book Endorsements –Training Syllabus –CFI Qualifications

Recurrency/Transition Training a.Regulatory Requirements - (FAR 61.56, 61.57, 61.31(j)) b.Flight Review c.Wings Program (expired) d.Endorsements (FAR 61.56, 61.31) e.Transition Training Syllabi f.Instructor qualifications g.Training Goals

Currency Requirements FAR  FAR Flight Review –Every 24 calendar months –1 hour of ground instruction, and –1 hour, or 3 flights, of flight training  FAR Recent Flight Experience –3 take-off’s and landings in Category and Class  within 90 days to carry passengers  Night and Tailwheel landings must be to a full stop  Category - airplane, rotorcraft, glider  Class - single engine, multiengine, land, water

Flight Review FAR  Flight Review is “NOT” a flight test  Note: the words “review” and “training”. in FAR  Objective - Train to proficiency –Engage the applicant in the learning process  Have the student evaluate their strengths and weakness  Suggest areas to work on. –Review FAR Part 61 and 91 as appropriate –Use PTS to define standards –Make appropriate logbook entry  Advisory Circular 61.65E Appendix 1

Flight Review FAR  Who needs a flight review? –Everyone!  (Private, Commercial, ATP, Flight Instructor)  What category/class of aircraft is the review good for? –ALL! –A single flight review covers all ratings –CFI should evaluate the scope of his action.

Flight Review FAR  Alternative approaches –Obtain a new rating or certificate –New Wings Program  designed to help each pilot construct an educational curriculum suitable for their unique flight requirements. –

Emergency Procedures on Tow  PT3 at various altitudes –Discussion  Pre-flight questioning –What questions would you ask?  In flight questioning – What questions would you ask?  Practice at safe altitude –What is your minimum altitude for training?

Emergency Procedures on Landing  What do you do now? –What Emergencies can you have?  Landing Gear INOP  Spoilers INOP  Fouled Deck (for you Navy guys)  Weather  Sick Passenger  Other?  How can you prepare for these situations?

Currency vs. Proficiency  Definition of Currency –What is Currency?  Definition of Proficiency –What is Proficiency?  Reasons for lack of Proficiency –Prolonged period of inactivity –Fear of maneuver –Failure to prepare for the flight –Complacency –Other

Proficiency or Current?

FAR – Glider Towing  Initial glider towing prerequisites –Holds at least a private pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft –Has logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the aircraft category, class, and type, if required, that the pilot is using to tow a glider or –Logged at least 10 flights towing a glider before May 17, 1967

FAR – Glider Towing  Initial training requirements in towplane –Ground & flight training in gliders  Emergency procedures  Ground and air signals  Maximum bank angles –3 flights, real or simulated tows,  as sole operator of the controls towing a glider while accompanied by a pilot who meets these requirements (61.69, c)  If endorsing pilot has private pilot privileges must meet the requirements of (d)(i)(ii) –Appropriate Logbook Endorsements

FAR – Glider Towing  Annual recurrent training requirements –Within the preceding 12 months  Made at least 3 actual or simulated tows while accompanied by a qualified tow pilot OR  Made at least 3 flights as PIC of a glider being aero-towed

Pilot Factors  FAR (b) Operations not requiring a medical certificate. A person is not required to hold a medical certificate: (1) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating; So, when I go the glider field with my ATP, do I have to have my medical certificate with me?  FAR (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner. Who can make this decision?

Pilot Factors Practical Aspects  General health issues –Are you fit to fly?  Specific medical conditions –Prescription drugs? –Surgical procedures & recovery  Aging – (can’t hit the fastball anymore) –General trends – what a drag it is getting old –Reduction in motor skills -  Age 70 +  FAA eliminates Age60 rule for airline pilots –Does old age and experience really beat youth and enthusiasm?

Pilot Factors Aging Pilot Population  General trend –FAA stats: average age 55  Reduction in motor skills –Studies indicate no significant deterioration in motor skills until reaching age 70+. –But you don’t see many 60 year old shortstops –FAA eliminated age 60 rule for airline pilots  Increase in experience –Use your superior judgment gained from your superior experience so you do not have to use your superior piloting skills

Club Safety Culture  Institutionalize practices and procedures – Demand ALL pilots actively engage in safe practices  How do we do accomplish that? –Empower any pilot to hold/stop an operation  Encourage dual flying opportunities  Encourage discussion  Club Leadership MUST admit mistakes

Types of Transition Training  Adding a new launch method –Aerotow, Ground launch, Self launch  Moving to a higher/lower performance glider –The step down is just as big as the step up!  Additional Glider Rating

Types of Transition Training Additional Launch methods  CFI endorsement is all that’s required –Training syllabus so applicant knows what to study (e.g., AC for motorgliders) –Ground school to discus new launch procedures –Flight training to practice launch procedure –logbook endorsement to finish process

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Review Pilot Operating Handbook –Assembly/disassembly procedures –Weight and Balance information –Limitations and Speeds  Review aircraft systems –Radio/transponder –Vario/flight computer –GPS –Flight Controls –Canopy and Windows

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Review ground/flight characteristics –Speeds  Tow, Approach & Landing  Thermaling, Inter-thermal cruising –T.O./Landing attitude  effect of tow-hook position –Pilot experience  Log book endorsements –When are endorsements required?

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Prepare plan for 1 st flight –Tow height –Basic maneuvers  Stall characteristics in different configurations  Turn coordination exercises  Other maneuvers  Approach and landing considerations

Types of Transition Training Additional Category Rating  Adding a Glider rating –Evaluate previous experience –Introduce differences  Launch, Tow, and Release procedures  Soaring procedures  Approach and Landing procedures  Review regulatory requirements

Log Book Endorsements  Student pilots –Pre-solo, specify launch procedure –Post-solo –Sign student pilot certificate  Other rated pilots –Log book endorsement only –May not have an explicit expiration date  Sample endorsements –Advisory Circular 61.65E, Appendix 1

Training Syllabi  Improves communication between instructor and student  Should include both instructor and student components  Multiple sources available –Publications (FAA, SSA, Knauff, Piggott, Wander) –Internal club/school documents –personally developed

Training Syllabi  Does your club have one? –Do you keep a record of ground/flight training? –Where are the records kept and are the records reviewed by student and instructor –Do you have Lesson plans describing the training steps?

Training Syllabi  Does your Student know… –where to find the Training syllabus with detailed objectives? –The list of reference material provided for study? –What the Completion standards are?  PTS – Practical Test Standards  Club SOP

Training Goals  Ensure applicant reaches correlation stage of learning  Ensure applicant operates glider within defined safety limits  Ensure applicant enjoys the learning experience

Serial vs Parallel Tasks  Serial –Sequential events –Time independent  Parallel –Multiple simultaneous events –Time critical

When can you get proficiency training?

Instructor Qualifications  Current and Qualified  Current in appropriate launch procedure  Current in specific aircraft  Proficient in applicable manuvuers and Emergency procedures  Familiar with local area  Are all of these required?