Getting to California armistice – Cease fire ending WWI due to a revolution in Austria-Hungary and the surrender of the Ottoman Empire, Germany is forced to surrender. (November 11, 1918 – 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month) Fourteen Points – Wilson’s plan for peace based on “the principle for justice to all people and nationalities” League of Nations – a “general association of nations” that Wilson wanted to have so nations could work on grievance through diplomacy (U.S. never joined) Treaty of Versailles (1919) – included very few of Wilson’s proposal and was based on revenge (punishment) against Germany from the Allies. reparations – war damages that Germany had to pay to the Allied nations in the amount of $33 billion ($450 billion today). Germany also had to admit guilt for starting the war Isolationists – Americans who did not want to play an active role in European affairs and only wanted to act in American interests overseas. Ch 14 Sec 3: A Bloody Conflict (cont.)

Section 3-12 In March of 1918, Germany launched a massive attack along the Western Front and pushed deeply into Allied lines. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Americans and Victory (cont.) (pages 466–468)

Section 3-12 Americans troops captured the village of Cantigny, and with French assistance the German attack of Paris was blocked. The American and French troops held their ground. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Americans and Victory (cont.) (pages 466–468)

Section 3-13 In September 1918, American General Pershing put together the most massive attack in American history, causing one German position after another to fall to the advancing American troops (Battle of the Argonne Forest.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Americans and Victory (cont.) (pages 466–468)

Section 3-13 On November 11, 1918, Germany finally signed an armistice, or cease-fire, that ended the war. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Americans and Victory (cont.) (pages 466–468)

Vis 3

Section 3-15 A Flawed Peace Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. In January 1919, leaders of the victorious Allied nations met to resolve the issues caused by the war. Wilson’s plan, called the Fourteen Points, addressed “the principle of justice to all people and nationalities.” (pages 468–469)

Section 3-15 A Flawed Peace Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The points proposed by Wilson included eliminating the general causes of the war through free trade and disarmament, open diplomacy instead of secret agreements, and the right to self-determination. (pages 468–469)

Section 3-16 The points required the evacuation of the Central Powers from all countries invaded during the war. The fourteenth point, known as the League of Nations, called for member nations to help preserve peace and prevent future wars. A Flawed Peace (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 468–469)

Section 3-17 The other Allied governments felt that Wilson’s plan was too lenient toward Germany. The Treaty of Versailles, signed by Germany, weakened Wilson’s proposal. The treaty stripped Germany of its armed forces and made it pay reparations, or war damages to the Allies. The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations were opposed by many United States lawmakers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Flawed Peace (cont.) (pages 468–469)

Chapter Assessment 9 Geography and History The map to the right shows the geographical changes in Europe after World War I. Study the map and answer the questions on the following slides.

Section 3-18 The “isolationists,” led by Henry Cabot Lodge, supported the League but wanted to change the treaty with amendments that would preserve the nation’s freedom to act independently. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Flawed Peace (cont.) (pages 468–469)

Section 3-18 Wilson, exhausted by trying to sell his plan to Americans, suffered a stroke. The Senate refused to ratify the treaty. Instead, the United States negotiated separate peace treaties with each of the Central Powers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Flawed Peace (cont.) (pages 468–469)