Bellwork: Wed. Feb 3, What is the relationship between these pictures? 2. What is the relationship between these pictures? 3. What is the relationship between these pictures? mole shrew (embryos and homologous structures) (bird and Insect wing) Vestigial Homologous Analogous

Slide 2 of 20 Bellwork: FRIDAY!!! Feb 6, What is the relationship between these pictures?

Slide 3 of 20 Bellwork: FRIDAY!!! Feb 6, What is the relationship between these pictures?

Slide 4 of 20 Bellwork: FRIDAY!!! Feb 6, What is the relationship between these pictures? mole shrew

Slide 5 of 20 1) Species vary globally, 2) Species vary locally, 3) Species vary over time… Why?______________________________________ ___________________________________________ _________________is the driving force of Evolution!!!!!

Slide 6 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Slide 8 of 20 Geologists and paleontologists have built a time line of Earth’s history. The basic divisions of the geologic time scale are eons, eras, and periods. 0

Slide 9 of 20 The Geologic Time Scale is based on fossil evidence in Earth’s rocks & the age of the rocks. It is divided into 4 eras - Which are divided into subdivisions called periods.

Slide 10 of 20 Geologic time begins with Precambrian Time, which covers about 88% of Earth’s history.

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Geologic time begins with Precambrian Time, which covers about 88% of Earth’s history. 88 % of Earth’s History

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Slide 17 of 20 0 = today 88% of Earth’s History.

Fossil evidence suggests that forms of life, possibly photosynthetic bacteria, had evolved by about 3.5 billion years ago in the Precambrian era.

Slide 19 of 20 photosynthetic bacteria: 3.5 billion years ago

Slide 20 of 20 Stromatolites: layered accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria.

Slide 21 of 20 stromatolites

Slide 22 of 20 The Cambrian period was dominated by marine invertebrates such as marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms. Silverfish still live today

Slide 23 of 20 Cambrian Explosion (marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms )

Slide 24 of 20 Jawless fish Cambrian Explosion (marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms )

Slide 25 of 20 Jawless fish k&list=PL6A82D6FCD84BC56F k&list=PL6A82D6FCD84BC56F

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Slide 27 of 20 KT extinction event

Slide 28 of 20 1 st mass extinction 2nd mass extinction 3 rd mass extinction 4 th mass extinction 5 th mass extinction 6 th mass extinction !!!!!!!!!!!! Jawless fish

Slide 29 of 20 Rate of Extinction Over Time. 1 st mass extinction 2nd mass extinction 3rd mass extinction 4 th mass extinction 5th mass extinction 6th mass extinction is going on right now

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Slide 31 of 20 KT event: Worst Extinctions

Bellwork: Mon. Feb. 9, We are in the ____________ era today. 2. The longest era was the ____________________ era 3. The era in which the dinosaurs lived was the ______________ era.

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Types of Evolution: Macroevolution: Changes in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and behavior in many species over time Example: the many species of dinosaurs Microevolution: changes within a single species over time. ex: the scarab beetle

Slide 35 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 37 of 20 Through Quaternary, beetle species have moved far–from Britain to Tibet, for example. But Coope finds little evidence of beetles going extinct in great numbers. "They indicate that insect species show a remarkable degree of stability throughout the Ice Age climatic oscillations.”

Slide 38 of 20 Different organisms undergo adaptive radiation in different places or at different times but in similar environments. convergent evolution: when unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. Results in analogous structures.

Slide 39 of 20 Australian Marsupial moles provide a remarkable example of convergent evolution. Although only related to other moles in that they are all mammals, the external similarity is an extraordinary reflection of the similar evolutionary paths they have followed.

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Slide 41 of 20 Divergent evolution: the accumulation of differences between groups forming new species, after species splits and lives in isolated environments. kidding

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Slide 45 of 20 Adaptive radiation when a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways.

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Slide 47 of 20 Adaptive Radiation of Mammals

Slide 48 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 49 of 20 Sometimes organisms that are closely connected to one another by ecological interactions evolve together. Coevolution: process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

Slide 50 of 20 Punctuated equilibrium: pattern of evolution of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.

Slide 51 of 20 Gradualism: slow and steady change in organisms over time.

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Slide 53 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Which is it? Punctuated or Gradualism

Slide 54 of 20 Gradualism is slow and steady Punctuated equilibrium is brief and rapid

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Slide 56 of 20 Darwin felt that biological change was slow and steady, an idea known as gradualism.

Slide 57 of ,2 use your notes and (read ) pgs. 538 to 552 Relative dating: page 540 Radiometric dating: page 540 Half lfe (half life): pages ??????? An answer Turn this in today!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Slide 58 of 20 Relative Dating: establish the relative ages of rock layers with Index fossils If the same index fossil is found in two widely separated rock layers, the rock layers are probably similar in age.

Slide 59 of 20 Relative dating is important, but provides no information about a fossil’s absolute age in years. One way to date rocks and fossils is radiometric dating. Radiometric dating relies on radioactive isotopes, which decay, or break down, into nonradioactive isotopes at a steady rate. Radiometric dating compares the amount of radioactive to nonreactive isotopes in a sample to determine its age.

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Slide 61 of 20 Beltian bodies thorns nectaries Ants, caterpillars and acacia

Slide 62 of 20 Ants provide tree services too! Attack herbivores, chew up nearby trees so Acacias aren’t in shadows. Tree provides ants- nectar for food, thorns for nest, protein rich Beltian bodies (on leaf tips)

Slide 63 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 64 of 20 When Darwin read Malthus’s work, he realized that this reasoning applied to plants and animals. If all the offspring of almost any species survived for several generations, they would overrun the world. This information was central to Darwin’s explanation of evolutionary change.

Slide 65 of 20 Grand transformations in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology, and behavior—which usually take place in clades larger than a single species—are known as macroevolutionary patterns. The ways new species emerge through speciation, and the ways species disappear through extinction, are both examples of macroevolutionary patterns. The emergence, growth, and extinction of larger clades, such as mammals or dinosaurs, are also macroevolutionary patterns.

Slide 66 of 20 Hox Genes are the master control genes of body layout. Evolution of Wings in Insects Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Developmental Genes and Body Plans

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