H EAT AND T EMPERATURE Its getting hot in here!. W HAT IS HEAT ? Heat: Heat: Energy due to temperature, the total energy of the random molecular motion.

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Presentation transcript:

H EAT AND T EMPERATURE Its getting hot in here!

W HAT IS HEAT ? Heat: Heat: Energy due to temperature, the total energy of the random molecular motion contained in matter; Thermal energy Energy Energy : The ability to do work or produce heat Joule (J) – SI unit of energy (heat) Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed

W HAT IS T EMPERATURE ? Temperature = a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms or molecules (particles) in an object Kinetic energy = the energy of motion Three Temperature Scales: Fahrenheit Scale = °F Celsius Scale = °C Kelvin Scale = K

T EMPERATURE S CALES Fahrenheit Scale = a temperature scale with 180 degrees between the freezing pt (32 °F) and the boiling pt of water (212 °F) Celsius Scale = a temperature scale with 100 degrees between the freezing pt (0 °C) and the boiling pt of water (100 °C)

T EMPERATURE SCALES CONT ’ Kelvin Scale : a temperature scale that starts at absolute zero and has the same size degrees as Celsius scale Absolute Zero: the lowest possible temp.; the energy of molecular motion is zero; 0 K

T HREE C OMMON T EMP. S CALES

T EMPERATURE S CALE C ONVERSIONS Converting Between Fahrenheit and Celsius: °F = 9/5 °C + 32 °C = 5/9(°F - 32) Converting Between Kelvin and Celsius K = °C °C = K – 273 * there can never be a negative Kelvin temperature!!

E XAMPLES : 1. Convert 45 °F to degrees Celsius. °C = 5/9(°F -32) = 5/9(45°F - 32) = 5/9(13) = 7.2 °C *Note parentheses = subtract first, then multiply!

E XAMPLES C ONT ’ 2. Convert 157 °C to degrees Fahrenheit. °F = 9/5 °C + 32 = 9/5 (157 °C) + 32 = = 315°F *Note – no parentheses = multiply first, then add!

E XAMPLES C ONT ’ Convert 459 K to °C. °C = K – 273 = 459K -273 = 186 °C Celsius is always lower! Convert 15°C to Kelvin. K = °C = 15°C = 288 K Kelvin is always higher!

C ONVERTING K ELVIN TO F AHRENHEIT Two step problems: K  °C then °C  °F Convert 238 K to °F. °C = 238K = -35 °C °F = 9/5 (-35 °C) + 32 = -31 °F

C ONVERTING F AHRENHEIT TO K ELVIN Two step problems: °F  °C then °C  K Convert 98.6°F to Kelvin. °C = 5/9(98.6°F -32) = 37.0 °C K = 37.0°C = K

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