THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. a. Compare the origins and structure of the Roman Empire. b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Julius and Augustus Caesar.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE  The Roman Empire  the post-Republican period of ancient Roman civilization Republicanancient Roman civilizationRepublicanancient Roman civilization  autocratic form of government autocratic  large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean in Europe, Africa, and Asia MediterraneanEuropeAfrica Asia MediterraneanEuropeAfrica Asia

 The first two centuries of the Empire were a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana ("Roman Peace") Pax RomanaPax Romana  reached its greatest expanse during the reign of Trajan (98–117 AD) Trajan  Christians rose to power in the 4th century, during which time a system of dual rule was developed in the Latin West and Greek East Latin West and Greek EastLatin West and Greek East . After the collapse of central government in the West in the 5th century, the eastern half continued as what would later be known as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire  Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and forms of government in the territory it governed, particularly Europe, and by means of European expansionism throughout the modern world.

 Capitals:  Rome until AD 286, with other political centers Rome  Constantinople from 330, with a Western counterpart in Milan ConstantinopleMilan ConstantinopleMilan

REFERENCE MAP, NOTE CAPITALS

 Language(s):Latin; Greek; various local languages LatinGreekLatinGreek  Religion: pluralistic, pantheon of Roman gods (borrowed from Greece with name changes; Imperial cult (worship of emperor as a god; after 380, Christianity pluralistic Imperial cultChristianitypluralistic Imperial cultChristianity  Government: Autocracy,Emperor AutocracyEmperorAutocracyEmperor  Legislature: Roman Senate Roman SenateRoman Senate

AUGUSTUS CAESAR  63 BC – 14 AD; EMPEROR, 27 BC- 14 AD  founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor Roman EmpireEmperor Roman EmpireEmperor

 The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace) Pax RomanaPax Romana  Despite continuous wars or imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and one year-long civil war over the imperial succession, the Mediterranean world remained at peace for more than two centuries year-long civil waryear-long civil war  Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanded possessions in Africa, expanded into Germania, and completed the conquest of Hispania EgyptDalmatia PannoniaNoricumRaetiaAfricaGermaniaHispaniaEgyptDalmatia PannoniaNoricumRaetiaAfricaGermaniaHispania  reformed the Roman system of taxation  developed networks of roads networks of roadsnetworks of roads  established a standing army  established the Praetorian Guard Praetorian GuardPraetorian Guard  created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome policefire-fighting servicespolicefire-fighting services  rebuilt much of the City during his reign.

 886/Ancient-Civilizations-Rise-of-the- Roman-Empire  the-Roman-Empire