Cal Poly San Luis Obispo UAS Design November 22, 2013

Meet the Team: Group A 2

Meet the Team: Group B 3

Meet the Team: Group C 4

Concept of Operations

What is the Problem? 6 Cal Fire Name Cal Fire Statistics (2013) 6,181 Fires 150,000 Acres burned $172 million budget allocated Fires located throughout the state

What are the Challenges? 7 National Geographic Name Over 31 million acres of land under Cal Fire jurisdiction Mountainous forest terrain Difficult to maintain situational awareness and communication

No Ideal Solution Exists 8Name No Single Vehicle Meets All Requirements

Our Design Philosophy 9Name Firefly’s mission is to deliver the best long- endurance fire spotting vehicle which will both fly patrols to identify early-stage fires and provide situational awareness and on-station surveillance to the firefighter and commander.

Our Vision: On Patrol 10Name Launch from either a Cal Fire base or truck in- situ with an EO and IR camera as a standard payload. UAV will autonomously survey a pre-selected area or route, watching for heat signatures which may indicate a fire. If a fire is detected, UAS will alert the operator and enter into a loiter pattern while fighters are dispatched

Our Vision: On Patrol 11Name Graphic showing Stationary launch

Our Vision: On-Station Support 12Name UAS can deploy with first responders or remain on station, if already present, to autonomously provide instantaneous situational awareness to the commanders. UAS will be able to: Map fire areas Watch for flare-ups Provide communication relays Provide live video feed Keep track of response units

Our Vision: On-Station Support 13Name

Operator Launch Timeline 14Name Cal Fire Receives Order to Launch User Sets Up Launcher Vehicle Begins Pre-Flight Testing User Programs Initial Flight Path Vehicle is Launched

Vehicle Patrol Timeline 15Name Vehicle is Launched User Selects Patrol Area Autonomously Surveys Area Alerts User When Fire Detected Maps Fire Perimeter Remains on Station

Patrol Launch 16Alex Hernandez

Vehicle On-Station Timeline 17Name Fire is Detected User Selects Flight Path En Route Autonomous Flight Alerts User When Fire Detected Maps Fire Perimeter Remains on Station

En Route Launch 18Alex Hernandez

Ground Control Solutions 19Tyler Kowallis

Ground Control Solutions 20Tyler Kowallis

Ground Control Solutions 21Tyler Kowallis

Command and Control 22Name

Command and Control 23Name

Command and Control 24Name

Command and Control 25Name

Communications Network 26Name Graphic with communications network diagram

Multiple Payload Options 27Name

Fast Re-launch 28Name Graphic showing Quick Re-Launch Timeline and Payload Swap

Pixels on Target 29Name Graphic showing how increased POT improves situational awareness

Ruggedness and Availability 30Name 95% availability, define

31Name A B C D E F G Typical Mission A.Quick launch < 60 sec B.5 mile dash to first target, with POT < 2 min C.Loiter on target for 5hr D.5 mile dash to second target, with POT < 2 min E.Loiter on target for 5hr F.Egress 2 miles G.Recovery Google Earth

Typical Mission 32Name Defining Success KPPs: Launch Time, Time on Station, Ingress Time Launch Time: < 60 sec Minimum Time on Station: 5 hrs/station Maximum Ingress Time: 2 min Google Earth

33Name Survey Mission A.Quick launch <60 sec B.Cruise out 1 miles C.Survey D.Return to base E.Recovery Google Earth A B C D E

Survey Mission 34Name Defining Success KPPs: Launch Time, Acre/Hr, Total Acre Maximum Launch Time: < 60 sec Minumum Acre/Hr: ??? Minumum Total Acre : ??? Google Earth

35Name Loiter Mission A.Quick launch < 60 sec B.Overhead loiter 12hr C.Recovery Google Earth A B C

Loiter Mission 36Name Defining Success KPPs: Launch Time, Time on Station Maximum Launch Time: < 60 sec Minimum Time on Station: 12 hr Google Earth

A B C D E 37Name Range Mission A.Quick launch < 60 sec B.Cruise out 25 miles C.Loiter on target for 8hr D.Egress 5 miles E.Recovery Google Earth

Range Mission 38Name Defining Success KPPs: Launch Time, Range, Time on Station Maximum Launch Time: < 60 sec Minimum Range: 25 mi Minimum Time on Station: 8 hr Google Earth

Requirements

Assumed Requirements The UAS must be transportable by the Cal Fire Model 34 fire truck Will remain operational at night 40 Name

Driving Requirements Top 4 Driving Requirements 1.20,000 ft. ceiling 2.12 hr. endurance 3.Communications 4.FAA Certification 41 Name

Ceiling Requirement Tree Line: 10,000 ft. Max Elevation: 14,000 ft. Flight Ceiling: 20,000 ft. Name42

Long Endurance 43Name Graphic Depicting Various Endurance Times and Coverage Areas

Communications Challenges 44Name Graphic with communications challenges

FAA Certification 45Name FAA Guidance: Must File IFR Flight Plan ADS-B Out Equipped Must Communicate with ATC Full Control Override Authority

Concept Comparison

Design Strategy 47Name Firefly will achieve the missions specified in the RFP by incorporating a highly efficient flight vehicle design and advanced, low-power electronics and sensors.

Figure of Merit 48Nick Collison

Figure of Merit Explained 49Nick Collison Lifetime System Cost Research, Development, and Test Acquisition Operation and Support Disposal

Key Performance Parameters 50Name Mission Success Pixels on Target Time on Station Dash TimeAcre/ Hr Launch/ Recovery Time Total Acre Acoustic and Visual Detection System Cost

Battery Mass Fraction Analysis 51Trevor Hahm Endurance Time (Hours) Assumptions n = Peukert Constant = 1.3 h = 10,000 ft k = 0.13 Lance W. Traub. "Range and Endurance Estimates for Battery-Powered Aircraft", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2011), pp * β=0.32 β=0.41 β=0.64 Specific Energy = 170 Wh/kg

Weight Breakdown Analysis 52Trevor Hahm TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT BUILD-UPS FROM SWaP ANALYSIS

Electric vs. Gas Power Trade Study Ryan Godfrey53

Sizing Analysis Ryan Godfrey54

General Picture Concept 1 NAME55

Vehicle Sizing Plot for Various Ceiling Altitudes and Endurances Concept 1 NAME56

General Picture Concept 2 NAME57

Vehicle Sizing Plot for Various Ceiling Altitudes and Endurances Concept 2 NAME58

MetricWeightingConcept 1Concept 2 Metric 1 Metric 2 Metric 3 Metric 4 Metric 5 Metric 6 Total Concept Trade Study NAME59

Conclusion

Recommended RFP Revisions and Configuration Our Recommendation NAME61