Goal 10 Part 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace

Cause of Dictatorships After WWI = Economic despair and depression Dictators = NATIONALISM *Failures of WWI Peace Settlement Treaty of Versailles – caused an “unjust and insecure peace” Germans – Anger and resentment! Why? (a) ______________________________________ (b) ______________________________________

Weimer Republic / Soviet Union Weimar Republic: Democratic Germany (set up after WWI) 2 reasons why it dissolved:  Civilians didn’t understand democracy and turned to believing in dictators = answers to economic and social problems!  Third Reich too strong!

Joseph Stalin Vladimir I. Lenin dies in 1924 (Bolshevik Revolution) Joseph Stalin takes over the Soviet Union Main goal: Transform the Soviet Union into a “great industrial” power / WORLD Domination Responsible for million deaths (Against change) Established a “TOTALITARIAN” government - complete control over citizens - citizens = no rights!

Benito Mussolini “Il Duce” Totalitarian regime in ITALY - Italian Citizens DEMANDED leadership (suffering from G.D) - Established the FASCIST Party Fascism: stressed “nationalism” and placing interest on the STATE over the interest of the CITIZENS “Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, with force if necessary.” - Mussolini

Hitler Adolf Hitler (GERMANY) - WWI vet (EXTREME Nationalist) - After WWI joined the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party) – quickly became Chancellor of the Nazi Party Der Fuhrer – “the leader”

Mein Kampf / “My Struggle” Hitler’s Goals (3 Goals) 3 goals: (1) Attack Russia (2) Racial Purification (3) Destroy the Treaty of Versailles Nazism: German form of Fascism Hitler’s Main Goals: even though he was Austrian, (Uniting all German-speaking people into a great German Empire) *********************Racial Purification*************************** Aryans – “master race” – designed to rule to world Non-Aryans – “inferiors” – Ex. Jews, Slavs, homosexuals, mentally disabled (meant to serve the Aryans)

Nazis come to power Why: _____________________ War debts and loans from America / investments = Germany struggled! Hitler’s Private army: BROWN SHIRTS (storm troopers) Nazis: strongest political party in Germany (1933) - Weimer Republic was destroyed by Nazis And Hitler established his “THIRD REICH” (1,000 year Reich / reign / government)

Militarists / Imperialists gain control (INVASIONS) Gen. Hideki TOJO Japan – Attacked and invaded MANCHURIA (1931) League of Nation reaction: NOTHING! German Reaction: Hitler and Nazis invade the RHINELAND - German region that borders France - League of Nation reaction: NOTHING!

INVASIONS / IMPERIALISM NOW….Mussolini wants to imperialize or invade….ETHIOPIA (AFRICA) So…. Japan (Hideki Tojo) = Manchuria Germany (Hitler)= Rhineland Italy (Mussolini) = Ethiopia League of Nations ????

Francisco Franco Rebelled against Spain Spanish Civil War Hitler and Mussolini sent support: FASCISM Outcome of Spanish Civil War : Francisco Franco became Fascist DICTATOR of Spain American response: 3,000 troops Abraham Lincoln Battalion - America against Franco Rome-Berlin Axis Spanish-American War established an alliance between Italy (Mussolini) and Germany (Hitler) called the

United States Respond CAUTIOUSLY (Isolationism) Americans sponsor Isolationism (AFTER WWI) Remember: Kellogg-Briand Pact *Italy promised to not use war as national policy – NO plan to deal with countries that broke their pledge! Roosevelt and Congress pass the: ********* Neutrality Acts ***** (3 sets) - passed by congress in order to keep the United States out of future wars Example: outlawed weapon sales and loans to countries at war or even civil wars

QUARANTINE SPEECH FDR’s response to Neutrality Acts: “QUARANTINE SPEECH” - FDR spoke out AGAINST isolationism and asked peace-loving countries to “bottle up” or “quarantine aggressor nations” in order to stop the spread of war - FDR’s stance AGAINST Isolationism / neutrality and Aggression (in Europe)

FDR’s “GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY” Franklin Roosevelt's idea to ABOLISH “military actions” in Latin America & ESTABLISH “healthy democratic relationships” with Latin America Roosevelt Corollary = U.S. will act as “police” & use military action in Latin America Good Neighbor Policy = Allies / friendly actions Common goal: More Democratic relationship with Latin America

Leaders / Dictators of the world chart Directions: Describe the ambitions and ways each leader gained strength after WWI / Create a 5 part chart (1) Stalin (2) Mussolini (3) Hitler (4) Franco (5) Roosevelt

War in Europe Hitler’s Plan (Absorb land into Third Reich) (1) Austria (created out of the Treaty of Versailles) - Majority of Austria wanted to be unified w/ Germany (2) Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) France and British Reaction: protect Czech Hitler’s invitation “ MUNICH AGREEMENT ” French Premier … and British Prime Minister ( Neville Chamberlain )

Chamberlain vs. Winston Churchill Winston Churchill: political rival to Chamberlain  Churchill called this scenario: APPEASEMENT giving up your principles in order to “pacify” an aggressor. ********Example of Appeasement “Munich Agreement” RESULT: HITLER “imperializes” Sudetenland / Chech.

APPEASEMENT

The German OFFENSIVE Germany / Hitler: land-hungry gaze into POLAND (Third Stop) Leads to the signing of the “NONAGGRESSION PACT” signed between Stalin and Hitler (1) Never attack each other (2) Split Poland Problem: Hitler gets greedy and attacks!!!

Nonaggression Pact BROKEN by HITLER Germany attacks Poland

Blitzkrieg in Poland Blitzkrieg: lightning war / German strategy (attack early and surprise the enemy) “LUFTWAFFE” – German air force Two days after the attack on Poland, France and Britain declared war on Germany (promised military aid) **** What event started WWII?????? - Germany’s attack on Poland (1939) WWII starts in 1939 AMERICA IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED YET!!!!!

Fall of France Germany attacks France from the North and Italy attacks from the South Charles de Gaulle: fled France and set up a French government in exile (England) “France lost the battle, but not the war!”’

Battle of Britain Germany attacks by AIR (couldn’t compete with British Navy) German “LUFTWAFFE” begins bombing! (BRITISH) Royal Air Force (RAF) takes control RAF shoots down 145 German planes in one day (Sept 15, 1940) End Result: Hitler calls off the German invasion of the Britain - Churchill praises RAF

What event led Britain and France to declare war on Germany? A. Germany’s invasion of Austria B. Germany’s annexation of the Sudetenland C. Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia D. Germany’s invasion of Poland

Visuals (Choose 2) and “detailed” description of each theme  Rise of Dictators  Imperialist Invasions  League of Nation’s reaction to imperialism  Mein Kampf and goals  Spanish Civil War  Neutrality Acts  Quarantine Speech  Good Neighbor Policy  Munich Agreement and Appeasement  Nonaggression Pact