The Non-Living Environment Chapter 10- Section 3: Energy flow

Abiotic Factors Air –Atmosphere: Nitrogen, Oxygen –Carbon Dioxide (plants need - photosynthesis) WaterSoil –Mixture of mineral and rock particles, remains of dead organisms, water and air SunlightTemperature –Depends on amount of sunlight a part of earth receives Climate –An areas average weather conditions over time, including temp, precipitation, and wind

Biotic Factors Energy Flow Energy: converted from one form to another (Never destroyed!!) Producers (make their own energy-rich molecules) –Photosynthesis Convert light energy into sugar  energy –Chemosynthesis Producers on ocean floor near hydrothermal vents (no sunlight) Produce energy-rich molecules from chemicals

Energy Transfer Energy can be transferred from one organism to another. Consumers- get energy by eating producers or other consumers –Matter and energy stored in organism is transferred to another organism

Food Chain Shows how matter and energy passes from one organism to another. Producers—plants, algae, and other organisms that are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis—first step. Animals that consume producers such as herbivores are the second step. (primary consumers) Carnivores and omnivores—animals that eat other consumers—are the third and higher steps of food chains. (secondary/tertiary consumers)

Food Webs A community includes MANY feeding relationships –Ex: Grizzly bear eats many different organisms (berries, insects, chipmunks, fish) –Berries are eaten by birds, insects and other animals Food Web is a model that shows all the possible feeding relationships among organisms in a community –Made up of many different food chains

Food Web

Energy Pyramid Shows the amount of energy available at each feeding level in an ecosystem Bottom (producers)- Largest-contains the most energy As you move up the pyramid  each level becomes smaller (transfer of energy is less efficient) Only about 10% of energy available at each feeding level is transferred to the next higher level

Create A Food Web Corn, Grass, Wheat --- vegetation Rabbit EATS Corn, Grass, Wheat (vegetation) Rat EATS Corn, Grass, Wheat (vegetation) Cow EATS Grass, Corn, Wheat (vegetation) Hawk EATS Rabbits, Rat Fox eats Rabbits, Rats, Cows Human EATS Corn, Wheat, Rabbit, Cow, Fox,