Quiz 1. Describe five characteristics of living things. –Cells, reproduce, genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials, respond to environment, homeostasis, evolve 2. List 7 levels of organization. –Molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere 3. What biological process includes chemical reactions that break down materials? –Homeostasis

Chapter 3 Homework Textbook Read pgs. 63 – 73 Study Guide section 1-4 Study for Quiz on Chapter 1

Autotrophs/Producers Sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth. Plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food.

Plants, some Algae, and Photosynthetic Bacteria Photosynthesis – set of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich carbohydrates (food) and oxygen.

Chemosynthetic Bacteria Organisms which use chemical energy (inorganic molecules Hydrogen Sulfide) to produce high- energy carbohydrates (food).

Quiz Define –Species A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. –Population A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. –Community Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined region.

Homework Study Guide 3-2 Test is coming up next week, possible Tuesday or Wednesday.

Quiz Bio 1 1. What are the two main forms of energy that power living systems? –Light energy, through photosynthesis and chemical energy through chemosynthesis 2. Briefly describe the flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem. –Energy flows in one direction, from autotrophs to heterotrophs and on down the food chain. 3. Show the following as a food chain: omnivore, autotroph, herbivore. –Autotroph -> Herbivore -> Omnivore

Homework Study Guide 3-2 Test is coming up next week, possible Tuesday or Wednesday.

Consumers/Heterotrophs Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. –Herbivores – eat plants –Carnivores – eat other animals or insects –Omnivores – eat plants and animals –Detritivores – feed on plant and animal remains and dead matter

Herbivores

Omnivores

Detritivores

Energy Flow All of the earth’s energy comes from the sun!!! Except for chemosynthetic bacteria. And of all the sun’s energy only about 1% is used by living things. Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).

Food Chain series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. What is the highest organism in all food chains?

Food Webs network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

Trophic Levels step in a food chain or food web

Ecological Pyramids diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. –Energy Pyramid –Biomass Pyramid –Pyramid of Numbers

Energy Pyramid Only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level.

Biomass Pyramid Biomass - total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.

Pyramid of Numbers What if we looked at a tree in a forest? The pyramid would look upside-down

Draw and explain in detail an energy pyramid and a biomass pyramid for any two ecosystems?