Global Diversity Understanding Current Global Realities

Current Trends – in this final stage of the course we explore: Rise of Transnationals Free Trade (trade liberalization) between nations Outsourcing production & labour Global Diversity Population Concerns Environmental Issues (degradation, deforestation, and climate change) What should be/is being done? MDG – Millennium Development Goals

What Name to Use? History of the names: the civilized society & the savages “us” VS “them” 1 st World and 3 rd World The North VS South developed and developing nations industrialized and industrializing “have” and “have-not” regions

How Did We Get Here? A BRIEF HISTORY IN GLOBAL DIVERSITY

Important Factors in Global Disparity 1. Legacies of Imperialism Effects of the Industrial Revolution –Some regions benefitted from the IR, others did not 3. Tropical Geography (The 5 “Too’s”) –too much rain, too hot, too prone to droughts, too many diseases, too many natural disasters 4. Illness –Poor health can be seen as a bi-product of poverty. Unsanitary conditions and high temperatures = breeding ground for parasites and diseases. Many can’t work due to various diseases and organisms living in their bodies 5.Poverty – (explanation to follow) 6.Population – (explanation to follow)

5. Poverty – causes? Trade Inequality: Wealth is distributed poorly around the world Legacy of imperialism, the IR, and control of transnationals Local goods are devalued (leather sandals to plastic flip flops in India & aluminum pails instead of pottery in Africa) Inappropriate Aid and Investment: 1970’s – many dams and factories built in LDC. Created a great deal of debt, and largely ineffective. However, worked very well in SE Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, etc) NIC – newly industrialized country Bad Aid: milk to Ethiopia (couldn’t digest... killed thousands), heat returning tractors to Africa, solar oven to the tropics Funds put into the hands of military dictators or corrupt officials Poor Leadership and Conflicts: many regions (Middle East, Sierra Leone, Rwanda) experience long periods of war and political uncertainty

Global Fertility Rates World: – Afghanistan (5.6), 49 – Haiti (3.8), 86 – India (2.7), 107 – Mexico (2.3), 118 – Brazil (2.2), 127 – USA (2.05), 160 – China (1.8), UK (1.6), 180 – Cuba (1.6), 181 – Canada (1.6), 195 – Russia (1.4), 218 – Japan (1.2)

Why are there so many people? On average, women would like to have 2 children. 1.Lack of Contraception – Average income in Ethiopia is $120/year. The cost of contraception would be $40/year. 2.High Infant Mortality Rate – since many children die before the age of 5, parents will have a large to compensate for the expected deaths. Women may stay in a near perpetual state of pregnancy 3.Education - lack of knowledge about reproduction (examples) 4.Baby Boy - emphasis on producing a male 5.Women’s Rights - not being able to say, “no” “Macho” to father many kids. 6.The Third World Lottery 7.Poverty – cheap entertainment 8.Religion - (explanation to follow)

8. Religion Most world religions still advocate for large families -Christians and Islam: “the will of God/Ala -Hindu: need for a male (8000:1 abortion rate) -Pope (1990): “the use of any form of artificial pregnancy prevention will block one’s entry into heaven”

Statistics on World Population Doubling Time 79 years 36 years 116 years (Canada – 117) 40 years 48 years 25 years 35 years 28 years n/a: negative growth 290 years Doubling Times in developed countries: 209 years (approximate) Doubling Time in less developed countries 36 – 40 years Doubling Time in Africa – 29 years (Chad – 21 years) Latin America – 39 years (Guatemala – 24) Asia – 47 years (India – 36) The History of Human Population In the history of humanity, the total world population stayed well below 50 million people until 1000 CE. 1800’s - Industrial Revolution = 1 billion 1927 = 2 billion(127 years later) 1960 = 3 billion(33 years) 1974 = 4 billion(14 years) 1987 = 5 billion(13 years) 1999 = 6 billion(12 years) 2011 = 7 billion(12 years)

Should Something Be Done? How many babies are born every: second – 2.7 minute – 167 hour – 9722 day – year – What should be done? China has passed a “One-Child” Policy in 1978, should the UN encourage people to have only 2 children?

THE PEOPLE BOMB What parts of the world are “over populated”? What are some of the impacts human population is having on Earth? Why are we not going to watch this entire video? What is being done to address over population?