Understanding Nutrition Class 4 R. Noble Metabolism Energy Balance Weight Management

Metabolism Wadsworth Cengage Learning Chemical actions and reactions How we use food for fuel To provide energy and heat To activate and continue all processes in the body

Catabolic and then Anabolic Processes Making Energy Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Metabolic processes Occur in the liver Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013 Require enzymes and co-enzymes: Vitamin B6 Copper Zinc Iron

A T P Adenosine Triphosphate Occurs in each cell Provides energy inside cells Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Cell Structure DNA formed in nucleus Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Four main Metabolic processes: Some anaerobic Some aerobic 1 Glycolysis – breaks down carbohydrates into energy Wadsworth Cengae Learning 2013

The Cori Cycle breaks down fruits and vegetables into lactic acid & then into glucose Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

2 Tri-Cyclic Acid Cycle Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013 breaks down proteins, amino acids and lipids into energy for nerves, muscles and for breathing

3 Electron Transport System breaks down water, fluids and lipids & forms CoQ10 Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Summary of Metabolic Pathways Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Urea pathway rs in the kidneys 4 Urea pathway Occurs in the kidneys Excretes waste & fluid Balance + Moderate intake of Food - Fasting/ starvation

Metabolism of Alcohol Wadsworth Cengage Learning A lack of enzymes May be inherited Increases a desire for sugar foods Anti-diuretic hormone Needed to metabolize Fluid Uses in the process/decreases in the person: Vitamins B, B3, B6

Alcohol Impairment influences: muscle tone, BMI Recommended - no more than: women: 3 times per week men: 7 times per week Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Effects of Alcohol Wadsworth Cengage Learning Positive - distributes lipids & cholesterol Negative – Liver damage Thins inner layer of colon Stresses kidney & urinary Excretes B vitamins Decreases desire for healthful food Fluid accumulates Increases blood pressure Destroys brain cells Promotes estrogen Lowers inhibitions Depresses central nervous system Slows all nerve functions to eyes, hands legs, feet and spine. During pregnancy may cause Fetal alcohol syndrome & transfer an addiction to the child Recommendations: Sip slowly eat foods with Eat foods that contain starches with Decrease sugar in the diet (decreases cravings) Kudzu

Negative Effects of Heavy Alcohol Use Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Energy In = Energy Out stabilizes weight although, the body adapts to our eating pattern, hard to change Influences: amounts of food taken in Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Appetite is influenced by: Our senses Habit Stress Satisfaction Happy/Sad occasions Wadsworth Cengage Learning 12 th edition

Popcorn and nuts and vegetable juice = Protein + Grain Snack Balanced and Nutrient Dense *Protein is more satisfying Wadsworth Cengage Learning Google Images

Basal Metabolic Rate: how fast the blood circulates in the body Factors that Influence BMR: Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Exercise Increases BMR Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

BMR - Very Important for using up calories Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013 Thyroid hormone increases BMR Thyroid regulates internal body temperature Thyroid needs adequate iodine

Body Composition Body weight appropriate to height Consider: Body Mass Index Math calculation: lbs x 703 divided by inches squared = BMI Wadsworth Cengage Learning Body Mass Index Chart Considerations: Male and female size Amount of muscle Be somewhere on the chart or one is at risk for health problems. R. Noble

BMI Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Body Distribution Wadsworth Cengage Learnint 2008 Overweight Shapes (apple pear) -> Health Problems

Health Risks Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013 Some body fat is needed Females Everyone Being overweight or underweight = problems

Exercise/physical work at any age - important Decrease body weight safely 1-2 pounds per week decrease 500 calories per day Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2008

Eating disorders: Anorexia Bulimia Female Athlete Triad Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Eating Disorders: physical and mental health issues Fish Oil, B vitamins, zinc Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Weight Management Solutions R. Noble 2014 Weight Gain Add Protein Weight Loss Add Protein Average person Recommended Calories per day Decrease sugar Increase nutrient dense foods Increase fiber Decrease growth promoters Adequate Water

Growing National Obesity Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Growing Fat Cells – Size and Number Important in Child Obesity Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Exercise at all ages 3-5 days per week Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2008

Some Herbal Supplements Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2005

Foods with Water Foods with Fiber Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Select Foods with Protein Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013

Make Healthier Choices Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2013 Food with Nutrients Non-fat Latte With Cinnamon

Enjoy meals Wadsworth Cengage Learning 2008

List of References Whitney, E., Rolfes, S., 2013, Understanding Nutrition, 13 th edition, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA Whitney, E. PhD., Rolfes, S. MS, BA, 2008, Understanding Nutrition, 12 th edition, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA Noble, R., MS, BA, Fundamentals of Nutrition, Instructor SCF, Spring 2014