SRI International

 Define and give examples of isotopes  History of Radiation  Identify the types of radiation and material that stops each type.  Identify every day uses of radioactive isotopes  Explain safety practices that are used when handling radioactive materials.  Explain why scientists use radioactive labeling of drugs  Balance nuclear equations

 Please match the following isotopes for O,K, Al and Po  Radioisotopes are the isotopes that are less stable and undergo radioactive decay 40 K 22 O 27 Al 23 Al 195 Po 36 K 12 O 38 K 197 Po 191 Po 25 Al 18 O

 Henry Becquerel accidently discovered radioactivity when he saw that a piece of uranium had exposed his photographic film.  Henry along with Marie and Pierre Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for their work with radioactivity

 Radioactive isotopes transform to more stable isotopes, emitting alpha beta or gamma rays from the nucleus

I. Natural A. Terrestrial – Uranium 238 is found in granite and rock decays  It eventually becomes Radon 222 and odorless, colorless tasteless gas that is nonreactive.  Enters houses through cracks in the foundation  Radon 222 causes lung cancer. B. Cosmic- cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere producing radioactive isotopes like C-14 II. Man made exposure  Po-210 and tobacco  X-rays and imaging agents High doses of radiation can damage cell processes causing abnormal growth or cell death. Low doses of radiation- the body replaces damaged cells.

 Smoke detectors Americium-241  Understanding Biological and Chemical processes (K- 32 and plants)  Food Irradiation (Cobalt- 60- using gamma rays)  Archeological Dating Carbon-14 (half life = 5700 years)  Medical Uses Tcm-99 (half life of 6 hours) used for visualizing organs and bones

 Nuclear equations use chemical symbols to show what is happening during radioactive decay. ◦ The sum of the top numbers (atomic mass) and the bottom numbers (atomic number) must be equal on both sides of the equation Sample equation- Uranium 238 is found in rock and soil U ----> 4 2 He Th ( 4 2 He represents an alpha particle)  Determine the missing element Th -  0 -1 e + ( 0 -1 e represents a beta particle)  Determine the missing radioactive particle Pa -  U Pa 0 -1 e

Sung Rhee Ph. D. “Radioactive scientists are unique.” Wife of 37 years is a Biochemist Kids are both Doctors Likes going to the symphony and orchestra in his spare time. James Bupp M.S Chemistry is logical and takes less memorization……” Mr. Bupp played football and was on the track team in High school. Likes running marathons and playing electric guitars

 Mr. Bupp and Dr. Rhee can work with aprons and goggles. (Tridium, Carbon-14)  Occasionally they need to where lead aprons. Why? ◦ Sulfur- 35 ◦ Iodine-135 ◦ Gamma radiation accumulates in your thyroid gland. Equipment in the lab is covered with aluminum foil  Liquid Scintillation Counters measure beta particles.  Geiger counters measure gamma particles.  (mCi = 2.22 billion degradations per minute) Spills are cleaned up. Counters monitor the particle count. Records are kept on radioactive materials.

Dr. Rhee and Mr. Bupp attach radioactive isotopes to a nonexchangeable position on a drug molecule. ◦ This drug gets sent to the biology department or a client.  They test the drug for ADME  Absorption-Is it absorbed in the body?  Distribution- Does it go where it needs to?  Metabolism-How quickly is it broken down?  Excretion-How is it eliminated from the body?

 Please answer true or false for the following statements. If the statement is false supply the correct answer. a. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons and the same number of protons and electrons. b. All isotopes are stable. c. Marie and Pierre Becquerel were the couple who received a Nobel Prize for their work with radiation. d. Alpha radiation is the strongest radiation and can only be stopped by lead. e. Gamma radiation is the weakest radiation and can be stopped by paper. f. Uranium 232 is found in rock and decays Into radon 222 g. Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause damage to your cells.

h. Carbon 14 is used in smoke detectors. i. Americium 241 is used in dating fossils. j C -  4 2 He N k. If inhaled Tridium travels straight to your thyroid. l. Records are kept on radioactive materials m. Radioisotopes are attached to nonexchangeable positions on a molecule. n. Drugs are tested for Absorption, Distribution, Miscibility and Excretion

a. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons and the same number of protons and electrons. TRUE b. All isotopes are not stable. FALSE c. Marie and Pierre CURIE were the couple who received a Nobel Prize for their work with radiation. FALSE d. GAMMA radiation is the strongest radiation and can only be stopped by lead. FALSE e. ALPHA radiation is the weakest radiation and can be stopped by paper. FALSE f. Uranium 238 is found in rock and decays Into radon 222 False g. Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause damage to your cells TRUE

h. Americium 241 is used in smoke detectors. FALSE i. Carbon 14 is used in dating fossils. FALSE j C -  0 -1 e N FALSE k. If inhaled IODINE travels straight to your thyroid. FALSE l. Records are kept on radioactive materials TRUE m. Radioisotopes are attached to nonexchangeable positions on a molecule. TRUE n. Drugs are tested for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion FALSE

 Slide 4 Marie and Pierre Curie. Virtual Institute of Applied Science: Lectures in Physics; radiation. 2/July/  Slide 5 Summary chart on Radioactive particles. St. Theresa Secondary School. 1/July/  Slide 6 Cruising Chemistry collaborative group. Nuclear Chemistry: Everyday Exposure to Radiation. 30/June/  Slide 7 Cruising Chemistry collaborative group. Nuclear Chemistry: Modern Uses of Radioactive Isotopes. 30/June/  Slide 9 and 11 Rhee, Sung. Personal interview. 15/ June/  Bupp, James. Personal Interview 25/June/  Slide 10 Thyroid picture. Champions Family Clinic. 2/July/2009/ /assets/images/thyroid png /assets/images/thyroid png