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وزارة التعليم العلي والبحث العلمي جامعة الكوفة مركز تطوير التدريس والتدريب الجامعي Bronchial Asthma الدكتور سامر نعمة ياسين الفتلاوي بكالوريوس طب و جراحة عامة / كلية الطب – جامعة الكوفة دبلوم عالي في الطب الباطني / جامعة الكوفة – كلية الطب شهادة البورد ( الدكتوراه ) في الطب الباطني / المجلس العراقي للاختصاصات الطبية ‎facebook.com/samir.alfatlawy.9

Bronchial Asthma  Definition  Classification  Causes & Risk factors  Trigger factors  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis  Treatment

Asthma – What is It?  Asthma is a chronic lung- disease that inflames, narrows and obstruct the airways (tubes that bring air into and out of an individual’s lungs).  The obstruction is reversible  It involves difficulty in breathing due to –Inflammation (swelling) –Mucus in the airways –Tightening of muscles around the airways

Classification  Clinically(according to severity): 1.Intermittent 2.persistent Mild persistent Moderate persistent Severe persistent  Exercise-induced  Occupational  Aspirin-induced asthma  Alcohol-induced asthma

Causes While the exact cause of asthma is not known. Variety of risk factors interacting with one another, early in life, result in the development of asthma e.g. : 1.Parents with asthma 2.Atopy 3.Childhood respiratory infections 4.Exposure to allergens or infections while the immune system is developing

What substances trigger asthma? Type of SubstanceExamples Air pollutants, including dusts, smoke, mists & fumes Diesel exhaust; tobacco smoke; mineral, rock, coal, & wood dusts; gases; fumes & vapors from aerosol agents, chemicals, cleaning materials, solvents, paints, welding & from heating & cooling metals quickly Pollens, mites & molds Trees, flowers, weeds, hay, plants Animal dander Birds, cats, dogs Medications Aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs Foods Egg, wheat, nuts

Symptoms of asthma  Coughing  Wheezing, a whistling sound  Shortness of breath  Chest tightness  Sneezing & runny nose  Itchy and inflamed eyes

Diagnosis  Based on: –Medical history –Physical examination –Lab tests: 1.Spirometry Spirometry 2.methacholine challengemethacholine challenge 3.CXR 4.CBP & WBC eosinophiles

Can asthma be cured?  Asthma can be controlled (but not cured) by: –Avoiding triggers or reducing exposure to triggers –Using medication to control symptoms  Medications - generally two types are used –Controller or long-term drugs Taken to prevent excess production of mucus & to reduce the inflammation and constriction of airway muscles –Rescue or quick-relief drugs Taken to relax muscles around the airways to improve breathing

Treatment  Medication –Long term Inhaled corticosteroid Leukotriene modifiers Long-acting beta agonists Combination inhalers

Treatment –Quick relief (rescue) medications Short-acting beta agonists Ipratropium Oral and intravenous corticosteroids